Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants by alcohol consumption: MESA (N = 6506)
| Alcohol consumption | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (N = 6506) | Never (n = 1322) | Former (n = 1533) | <1 drink/day (n = 2855) | 1‐2 drinks/day (n = 579) | >2 drinks/day (n = 217) | Binge (n = 524) | P‐value* | |
| Age, mean (SD), years | 62 (10) | 64 (10) | 63 (10) | 61 (10) | 62 (10) | 59 (10) | 58 (9) | <0.0001 |
| <65 years | 3713 (57%) | 665 (50%) | 817 (53%) | 1761 (62%) | 324 (56%) | 146 (67%) | 390 (74%) | <0.0001 |
| ≥65 years | 2793 (43%) | 657 (50%) | 716 (47%) | 1094 (38%) | 255 (44%) | 71 (33%) | 134 (26%) | |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Men, n (%) | 3074 (47%) | 312 (24%) | 806 (53%) | 1385 (49%) | 378 (65%) | 193 (89%) | 430 (82%) | <0.0001 |
| Women, n (%) | 3432 (53%) | 1010 (76%) | 727 (47%) | 1470 (51%) | 201 (35%) | 24 (11%) | 94 (18%) | |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||
| White | 2539 (39%) | 232 (18%) | 474 (31%) | 1339 (47%) | 349 (60%) | 145 (67%) | 239 (46%) | <0.0001 |
| Chinese American | 795 (12%) | 426 (32%) | 119 (8%) | 223 (8%) | 22 (4%) | 5 (2%) | 11 (2%) | |
| Black | 1716 (26%) | 287 (22%) | 552 (36%) | 727 (25%) | 120 (21%) | 30 (14%) | 105 (20%) | |
| Hispanic | 1456 (22%) | 377 (29%) | 388 (25%) | 566 (20%) | 88 (15%) | 37 (17%) | 169 (32%) | |
| Education | ||||||||
| ≥Bachelor's degree | 2331 (36%) | 311 (24%) | 415 (27%) | 1232 (43%) | 283 (49%) | 90 (41%) | 162 (31%) | <0.0001 |
| <Bachelor's degree | 4175 (64%) | 1011 (76%) | 1118 (73%) | 1623 (57%) | 296 (51%) | 127 (59%) | 362 (69%) | |
| Income | ||||||||
| ≥$40 000 | 3214 (49%) | 407 (31%) | 587 (38%) | 1701 (60%) | 369 (64%) | 150 (69%) | 303 (58%) | <0.0001 |
| <$40 000 | 3292 (51%) | 915 (69%) | 946 (62%) | 1154 (40%) | 210 (36%) | 67 (31%) | 221 (42%) | |
| Health insurance | ||||||||
| Yes | 5925 (91%) | 1126 (85%) | 1395 (91%) | 2655 (93%) | 548 (95%) | 201 (93%) | 477 (91%) | <0.0001 |
| No | 581 (9%) | 196 (15%) | 138 (9%) | 200 (7%) | 31 (5%) | 16 (7%) | 47 (9%) | |
| LS7 metrics | ||||||||
| Current smoking | 839 (13%) | 80 (6%) | 187 (12%) | 391 (14%) | 112 (19%) | 69 (32%) | 173 (33%) | <0.0001 |
| Body mass index kg/m2 | 28 (6) | 28 (6) | 29 (6) | 28 (5) | 27 (5) | 28 (4) | 29 (4) | <0.0001 |
| Physical activity MET‐min/week | 402 (605) | 320 (539) | 372 (594) | 442 (630) | 459 (606) | 418 (674) | 451 (737) | <0.0001 |
| Healthy diet score (0–5) | 1.6 (0.9) | 1.7 (0.9) | 1.5 (0.9) | 1.5 (0.9) | 1.5 (0.9) | 1.3 (0.9) | 1.2 (0.8) | <0.0001 |
| Total cholesterol mg/dL | 194 (36) | 197 (36) | 190 (36) | 195 (36) | 195 (35) | 201 (35) | 198 (38) | <0.0001 |
| Systolic blood pressure mm Hg | 126 (21) | 129 (22) | 128 (22) | 124 (21) | 126 (21) | 126 (18) | 126 (20) | <0.0001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure mmHg | 72 (10) | 71 (10) | 72 (10) | 72 (10) | 73 (10) | 76 (10) | 76 (10) | <0.0001 |
| Fasting blood glucose mg/dl | 97 (30) | 100 (33) | 100 (34) | 95 (27) | 95 (27) | 98 (28) | 98 (30) | <0.0001 |
| Categories of ideal LS7 metrics | ||||||||
| 0‐2 | 1710 (26%) | 358 (27%) | 479 (31%) | 652 (23%) | 138 (24%) | 83 (38%) | 190 (36%) | <0.0001 |
| 3‐5 | 4526 (70%) | 923 (70%) | 991 (65%) | 2072 (73%) | 411 (71%) | 129 (59%) | 326 (62%) | |
| 6‐7 | 270 (4%) | 41 (3%) | 63 (4%) | 131 (5%) | 30 (5%) | 5 (2%) | 8 (2%) | |
| CVH score, n (%) | ||||||||
| Inadequate (0‐8) | 3080 (47%) | 630 (48%) | 828 (54%) | 1230 (43%) | 259 (45%) | 133 (61%) | 327 (62%) | |
| Average (9, 10) | 2120 (33%) | 433 (33%) | 448 (22%) | 992 (35%) | 183 (32%) | 64 (29%) | 144 (27%) | <0.0001 |
| Optimal (11‐14) | 1306 (20%) | 259 (20%) | 257 (17%) | 633 (22%) | 137 (24%) | 20 (9%) | 53 (10%) | |
Abbreviations: CVH, Cardiovascular health; MESA, Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis; SD, Standard deviation; LS7, Life's Simple 7’.
Percentages/numbers were rounded up to whole numbers except diet; LS7 metrics are expressed in mean (SD) except smoking; *P‐values compare differences between never, former, <1, 1 to 2, and >2; Total does not include binge drinking.