TABLE 2.
Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics Among Adults Receiving HIV Medical Care by Opioid Misuse, MMP,2009–2014 (N = 28,162)
| Misused Opioids |
Did Not Misuse Opioids |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n* | % (95% CI)† | n* | % (95% CI)† | P for Rao-Scott χ2 Test | |
| Total | 975 | 3.3 (3.0 to 3.6) | 27,187 | 96.7 (96.4 to 97.0) | |
| Age (yr) | |||||
| 18–29 | 114 | 13.0 (10.6 to 15.5) | 2034 | 7.8 (7.1 to 8.5) | <0.0001 |
| 30–39 | 185 | 19.5 (16.8 to 22.2) | 4125 | 15.5 (14.9 to 16.1) | |
| 40–49 | 327 | 33.0 (29.8 to 36.3) | 9005 | 32.9 (32.3 to 33.6) | |
| ≥50 | 349 | 34.4 (30.2 to 38.5) | 12,023 | 43.7 (42.9 to 44.6) | |
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 763 | 79.6 (75.5 to 83.8) | 19,467 | 72.3 (70.6 to 74.1) | 0.0001 |
| Female | 202 | 19.5 (15.4 to 23.5) | 7305 | 26.2 (24.5 to 27.9) | |
| Transgender | 10 | 0.9 (0.3 to 1.5) | 400 | 1.5 (1.3 to 1.6) | |
| Race and ethnicity | |||||
| White (non-Hispanic) | 415 | 46.2 (39.8 to 52.7) | 8501 | 32.8 (28.8 to 36.8) | <0.0001 |
| Black (non-Hispanic) | 320 | 29.3 (22.8 to 35.8) | 11,412 | 42.1 (36.9 to 47.4) | |
| Hispanic or Latino | 190 | 18.9 (14.1 to 23.7) | 6072 | 20.4 (16.9 to 24.0) | |
| Other/multiracial‡ | 50 | 5.5 (3.5 to 7.5) | 1202 | 4.6 (4.1 to 5.2) | |
| Sexual behavior/orientation | |||||
| Sex with men (among men) | 467 | 51.9 (46.1 to 57.7) | 12,763 | 48.0 (45.1 to 50.9) | 0.001 |
| Sex with women only (among men) | 292 | 27.4 (23.4 to 31.4) | 6510 | 23.5 (22.2 to 24.9) | |
| Sex with men (among women) | 194 | 18.5 (14.6 to 22.5) | 7117 | 25.5 (23.8 to 27.2) | |
| Education | |||||
| <High school | 254 | 22.6 (18.6 to 26.6) | 5797 | 20.8 (19.4 to 22.2) | 0.0893 |
| High school diploma or equivalent | 280 | 29.5 (26.4 to 32.5) | 7436 | 27.0 (25.8 to 28.2) | |
| >High school | 441 | 47.9 (42.6 to 53.2) | 13,945 | 52.2 (49.9 to 54.5) | |
| Health care coverage | |||||
| Any private insurance | 245 | 27.0 (22.7 to 31.4) | 7891 | 30.4 (28.1 to 32.7) | 0.0289 |
| Public insurance only | 596 | 57.2 (52.3 to 62.1) | 14,321 | 50.6 (48.5 to 52.8) | |
| Ryan White coverage only | 98 | 12.1 (8.9 to 15.3) | 3783 | 14.8 (13.0 to 16.6) | |
| Uninsured | 17 | 1.8 (0.8 to 2.9) | 603 | 2.2 (1.8 to 2.6) | |
| Poverty level | |||||
| At or below poverty level | 518 | 50.6 (45.9 to 55.3) | 12,397 | 45.9 (43.6 to 48.3) | 0.0282 |
| Above poverty level | 435 | 49.4 (44.7 to 54.1) | 13,740 | 54.1 (51.7 to 56.4) | |
| Country or territory of birth | |||||
| Born in foreign country | 34 | 3.9 (2.4 to 5.3) | 3975 | 14.6 (13.3 to 15.9) | <0.0001 |
| Born in the United States | 941 | 96.1 (94.7 to 97.6) | 23,202 | 85.4 (84.1 to 86.7) | |
| Time since HIV diagnosis | |||||
| <5 yrs | 204 | 23.3 (20.5 to 26.2) | 5470 | 21.2 (20.3 to 22.1) | 0.0854 |
| 5–9 yrs | 183 | 17.7 (15.1 to 20.4) | 5672 | 20.8 (20.2 to 21.5) | |
| ≥10 yrs | 588 | 58.9 (55.5 to 62.4) | 16,033 | 57.9 (56.6 to 59.3) | |
| Homeless at any time (past 12 mo) | |||||
| Yes | 218 | 21.5 (18.2 to 24.8) | 2152 | 7.9 (7.3 to 8.4) | <0.0001 |
| ART prescription | |||||
| Yes | 872 | 88.7 (86.6 to 90.9) | 25,171 | 92.5 (92.1 to 92.9) | <0.0001 |
| ART adherence (past 3 d)§ | |||||
| Yes | 637 | 78.1 (74.5 to 81.7) | 21,515 | 87.7 (87.0 to 88.4) | <0.0001 |
| Durable viral suppression | |||||
| All HIV viral load measurements documented undetectable or <200 copies/mL | 527 | 58.5 (55.1 to 61.8) | 17,741 | 69.1 (68.0 to 70.3) | <0.0001 |
| Any HIV viral load ≥200 copies/mL | 384 | 41.5 (38.2 to 44.9) | 7789 | 30.9 (29.7 to 32.0) | |
| Regular care utilization | |||||
| Yes | 679 | 70.7 (67.1 to 74.3) | 20,109 | 74.1 (72.9 to 75.3) | 0.0641 |
| Depression | |||||
| Any depression | 333 | 36.3 (32.7 to 40.0) | 5748 | 21.5 (20.6 to 22.4) | <0.0001 |
| Enrolled in inpatient mental health facility | |||||
| Yes | 78 | 8.3 (6.1 to 10.5) | 788 | 2.8 (2.5 to 3.0) | <0.0001 |
| Received mental health services | |||||
| Needed but did not receive | 113 | 11.2 (8.8 to 13.6) | 1559 | 5.9 (5.4 to 6.4) | <0.0001 |
| Received | 399 | 40.1 (35.8 to 44.4) | 7470 | 26.9 (25.7 to 28.2) | |
| Did not need and did not receive | 463 | 48.7 (44.4 to 53.0) | 18,115 | 67.2 (65.9 to 68.5) | |
*
Numbers are unweighted.
†
Percentages and corresponding CIs are weighted percentages.
‡
Includes American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander, or multiple races.
§
Among those taking ART.