Table 1.
Clinical features of patients in the included studies
| Author year | Group | Study period | Patients (n) | Age (years) | Men vs women | Ascites (n) | Child– Pugh class | Interventions | Follow-up (months) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Elrahim et al,18 2018 | C EBL |
2015–5 to 2016–6 | 84 88 |
51.2±11.0 50.6±5.9 |
34:66 38:62 |
26 44 |
30/28/42 20/24/56 |
6.25 mg/d initiation Up to 12.5–50 mg/d EBL/2 weeks until eradication of varices |
12 12 |
| Stanley et al,20 2014 | C EBL |
2006–6 to 2012–6 | 33 31 |
51.4±10.8 49.6±12.87 |
22:11 21:10 |
12 12 |
9 (7.0–10.5) 9 (8.0–11.0) |
6.25 mg/d for 1 week, then increased to 12.5 mg/d EBL at 1 week, then 2 weekly |
26.3 (10.2–46.6) 26.3 (10.2–46.6) |
| Shah et al,17 2014 | C EBL |
2007–5 to 2011–9 | 82 86 |
48.3±11.3 47.2±13.2 |
59:23 63:23 |
33 32 |
37/35/10 37/37/12 |
6.25 mg/d initiation then increased to 6.25 mg twice a day EBL/3 weeks until eradication of varices |
13.2±11.7 13.4±12.4 |
| Tripathi et al,21 2009 | C EBL |
2000–4 to 2006–5 | 77 75 |
54.2±9.4 54.5±11.1 |
54:23 55:20 |
49 53 |
38/24/38 35/25/40 |
6.25 mg/d initiation, then increased to 12.5 mg/d EBL/2 weeks until eradication of varices |
26.2±22.1 25.5±21.9 |
| Elnadry,13 2010 | C EBL |
2008–2 to 2009–3 | 20 20 |
50.1±6.2 51.5±8.1 |
11:9 13:7 |
NR NR |
12/4/4 8/4/8 |
12.5 mg increased after 2 weeks to reach 25 mg daily NR |
12 12 |
| Ahmad et al,19 2012 | C EBL |
2008–12 to 2011–9 | 25 25 |
NR NR |
NR NR |
NR NR |
9/7/9 9/6/10 |
6.25 mg/d for 1–2 weeks, increased to 12.5 mg/d EBL/2–4 weeks until eradication of varices |
12 12 |
| Reiberger et al,16 2013 | C EBL |
2008–2012 | 38 29 |
55±11 50±14 |
28:10 23:6 |
4 5 |
26/10/2 16/11/2 |
6.25 mg/d and increased to 25 mg/d EBL/2–4 weeks until eradication of varices |
24 24 |
Abbreviations: C, carvedilol; EBL, endoscopic band ligation; NR, not reported; mg/d, mg/day.