Table 5.
Measurement invariance across activity levels, gender, and age.
| Models | MLR-χ2 | df | CFI | SRMR | RMSEA [90% CI] | ΔCFI | ΔRMSEA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SAMPLES B AND C | |||||||
| Sample B (n = 788) (independent ESEM) | 324.171 | 144 | 0.982 | 0.014 | 0.040 [0.034–0.046] | – | – |
| Sample C (n = 830) (independent ESEM) | 330.155 | 144 | 0.984 | 0.012 | 0.040 [0.034–0.045] | – | – |
| Configural invariance (equivalence of factor structure) | 649.746 | 288 | 0.983 | 0.013 | 0.039 [0.035–0.044] | – | – |
| Metric invariance (equivalence of factor loadings) | 815.854 | 432 | 0.982 | 0.021 | 0.033 [0.030–0.037] | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Scalar invariance (equivalence of the means of manifest variables) | 888.885 | 458 | 0.980 | 0.027 | 0.034 [0.031–0.038] | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| ACTIVITY LEVELS | |||||||
| Inactive group (n = 387) (independent ESEM) | 349.642 | 144 | 0.974 | 0.015 | 0.049 [0.043–0.056] | – | – |
| Active group (n = 1223) (independent ESEM) | 324.063 | 144 | 0.986 | 0.012 | 0.035 [0.030–0.040] | – | – |
| Configural invariance (equivalence of factor structure) | 641.815 | 288 | 0.983 | 0.013 | 0.039 [0.035–0.043] | – | – |
| Metric invariance (equivalence of factor loadings) | 762.153 | 432 | 0.984 | 0.021 | 0.031 [0.027–0.034] | −0.001 | 0.008 |
| Scalar invariance (equivalence of the means of manifest variables) | 1089.896 | 458 | 0.970 | 0.053 | 0.041 [0.038–0.045] | 0.013 | −0.002 |
| GENDER | |||||||
| Female group (n = 956) (independent ESEM) | 319.807 | 144 | 0.986 | 0.012 | 0.036 [0.030–0.041] | – | – |
| Male group (n = 653) (independent ESEM) | 295.248 | 144 | 0.982 | 0.014 | 0.040 [0.043–0.047] | – | – |
| Configural invariance (equivalence of factor structure) | 614.562 | 288 | 0.985 | 0.013 | 0.038 [0.033–0.042] | – | – |
| Metric invariance (equivalence of factor loadings) | 809.134 | 432 | 0.982 | 0.023 | 0.033 [0.029–0.036] | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Scalar invariance (equivalence of the means of manifest variables) | 1239.916 | 458 | 0.963 | 0.054 | 0.046 [0.043–0.049] | 0.022 | −0.008 |
| AGE | |||||||
| Adolescent group (n = 969)a (independent ESEM) | 399.006 | 144 | 0.981 | 0.013 | 0.043 [0.038–0.048] | – | – |
| Adult group (n = 633) (independent ESEM) | 238.544 | 144 | 0.989 | 0.011 | 0.032 [0.025–0.039] | – | – |
| Configural invariance (equivalence of factor structure) | 635.103 | 288 | 0.984 | 0.013 | 0.039 [0.035–0.043] | – | – |
| Metric invariance (equivalence of factor loadings) | 833.799 | 432 | 0.981 | 0.024 | 0.034 [0.031–0.038] | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Scalar invariance (equivalence of the means of manifest variables) | 1142.825 | 458 | 0.968 | 0.046 | 0.043 [0.040–0.046] | 0.016 | −0.004 |
All analyses are based on sample B (N = 788) and sample C (N = 830); MLR, robust maximum likelihood estimation; CFI, comparative fit index; SRMR, standardized root mean square residual; RMSEA, root mean square error of approximation; 90% CI = 90% confidence interval for RMSEA. aDue to estimation problems, the residual variance of item aes2 was set >0.