Figure 4.

Enhanced T cell proliferation as well as Th1 and Th2 cytokine production of CD4⁺ T cells stimulated with autologous ATI TNM-pulsed mature DC. Immature DC were pulsed with ATI or ATI TNM [15 μg/mL] and matured with pro-inflammatory cytokines as described in Materials and Methods. After 48 h, mature DC were washed and co-cultivated with autologous CD4⁺ T cells for 5 days. (A) T cell proliferation was measured by [³H]-thymidine incorporation, and proliferation index was calculated related to untreated cells. (B–F) Supernatants (50 μL) were collected before thymidine administration to determine the production of IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, and IFN-gamma by multiplex assay. Results are presented as means ± SEM from 10 independent experiments/donors. In some cases, cytokine concentrations were below the detection limit so that n < 10 (IL-5 n = 8, IL-13 n = 5, IFN-gamma n = 9), ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01.