. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Feb 1.

Published in final edited form as: ACS Nano. 2018 Feb 22;12(3):2292–2310. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.7b07281

Table 1.

Pre- and Post-incinerated Organomodified Nanoclay Physicochemical Properties^a

parameter	particle
parameter	Clois Na	Clois 30B	I-Clois Na	I-Clois 30B	CS
supplier	Southern Clay Products	Southern Clay Products	WVU Engineering	WVU Engineering	Min-U-Sil 5, US Silica
coating	uncoated	methyl, tallow, bis-2-hydroxyethyl, quaternary ammonium	900 °C incineration	900 °C incineration	uncoated, heat inactivated
ρ (g/cm³)	2.86	1.98	ND	ND	2.65
BET surface area (m²/g)	800^b	7.74^c	ND	ND	5.1^d
d_h saline (nm)	380.7 ± 10.4	1941.1 ± 183.7	1537 ± 305.7	3228 ± 533	1023 ± 288.6
PDI	0.262	0.841	0.817	0.804	0.645
peak 1 (nm)	438.8 (96.5%)	409.3 (100%)	493.5 (100%)	805.5 (100%)	690.4 (100%)
peak 2 (nm)	113.8 (3.4%)	ND	ND	ND	ND
ζ saline (mV)	−43.8	−25.4	−35.9	−25.9	−27.9
EDX platelet	Al, Si, C, O, (K)	Al, Si, C, O, (P, Fe, Cl)	Al, Si, C, O, (Fe)	Al, Si, C, O, (Fe)	Si, O
EDX colloid	Al, Si, O, (K)	Al, Si, C, O, (P, Fe)	Al, Si, O	Al, Si, O	n/a

ρ = density; d_h = hydrodynamic diameter; ζ = zeta potential; ND = not determined.

Reference 39.

Reference 40.

Reference 41.

Loose agglomerates of colloidal aluminum silicate were present.