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. 2019 Jan 31;8:F1000 Faculty Rev-132. [Version 1] doi: 10.12688/f1000research.17039.1

Figure 1. Atopic dermatitis pathogenesis and drug targets of novel systemic therapies.

Figure 1.

Novel systemic therapies target immune mediators in atopic dermatitis. Mepolizumab is a monoclonal antibody to interleukin-4 (IL-4). Omalizumab is a monoclonal anti-immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody. Dupilumab is an IL-4 receptor α-antagonist that inhibits IL-4 and IL-13 signalling. Lebrikizumab and tralokinumab are monoclonal antibodies that bind to IL-13. Ustekinumab binds to the shared p40 subunit of IL-12 and IL-23 to regulate T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th17 pathways. Nemolizumab is a monoclonal antibody against IL-31 receptor A. Fezakinumab is an IL-22 antagonist. Baricitinib is a Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) and JAK2 inhibitor. DC, dendritic cell; ILC2, type 2 innate lymphoid cell; LC, Langerhans cell; S. aureus, Staphylococcus aureus; TSLP, thymic stromal lymphopoietin.