Estimated Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) intercepts in white participants (panel A) and black participants (panel C), as well as annual rate of change (slope) in white participants (panel B) and black participants (panel D) separated by sex and BDNF genotype. Values are adjusted for clinical site, depression, age, education, self-reported time spent walking, and prevalent diabetes. Error bars represent standard errors. A significant interaction was found between sex and BDNF genotype in white participants (panels A and B) but not black participants (panels C and D). #: indicates significant difference between Met carriers and Val/Val carriers; %: indicates significant difference between female and male Val/Val carriers; ^: indicates significant difference between female and male Met carriers.