Table 1.
Exposure Data Used in Calculation of EARs (See Supplementary Materials for All Exposure Data and Predictions Used)
| Substance (Description) | Exposure Data Description | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| DIM (metabolite of glucobrassicin, widely consumed in cruciferous vegetables) | PBBK model predicting DIM plasma exposure (Cmax) following consumption of 50 g brussels sprouts | Reported here (see Supplementary Materials) |
| Resveratrol (present in skin of berries including grapes) | Human pharmacokinetic data describing Cmax following exposure to 25 mg resveratrol. This represents a high level of dietary intake (Presta et al., 2009) but is well below the level used as a food supplement (Raederstorff et al., 2013). | Goldberg et al. (2003) |
| Flutamide and hydroxyflutamide (prostate cancer drug and its active metabolite) | Human pharmacokinetic data describing Cmax at steady state following repeated exposure therapeutic dose of flutamide | Radwanski et al. (1989) |
| BPA (industrial chemical) | Predicted plasma concentration at steady state (Css) based on kinetic modeling at human exposures of 4 µg/kg/day (the Tolerable Daily Intake [TDI] set by European Food Safety Authority [EFSA]) | Wetmore et al. (2012) |
| Vinclozolin (plant protection product) | Predicted plasma Css based on kinetic modeling at human exposures of 25 µg/kg/day (the Reference Dose [RfD] set by the US Environmental Protection Agency [EPA]) | Wetmore et al. (2012) |
| Methoxychlor (plant protection product) | Predicted Css based on kinetic modeling at human exposures of 5 µg/kg/day (the RfD set by the U.S. EPA) | Wetmore et al. (2012) |
| HPTE (metabolite of methoxychlor) | Predicted Css based on kinetic modeling at human exposures of 5 µg/kg/day (the RfD for methoxychlor set by the U.S. EPA) | Wetmore et al. (2012) |
| p,p′-DDE (metabolite of the insect control agent DDT) | Human biomonitoring describing serum levels of populations exposed in the United States in the 1950s and 1960s and a population exposed in a DDT-sprayed area in South Africa in 2003–2005 | Longnecker et al. (2002), Bhatia et al. (2005), and Aneck-Hahn et al. (2006) |
| Bakuchiol (risk assessment case study) | PBBK model predicting bakuchiol plasma exposure (Cmax) following once-daily use of a body lotion or a shampoo containing this substance at 0.5% (hypothetical products) | Reported here (see Supplementary Materials) |