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. 2019 Jan 11;24(2):253. doi: 10.3390/molecules24020253

Table 1.

Screening of potential biomarkers in rat urine.

NO. Metabolite Identification Rt (min) m/z Adduct VIP Fold Change Value P-Value Related Pathway HMDB/
MELIN ID
DEX/Control DEX+RR/DEX DEX/Control DEX+RR/DEX
1 Glycine 3.818 76.0395 [M+H]+ 1.78 0.491 1.280 0.025 * 0.845 Amino acid metabolism HMDB0000123
2 Benzoic acid 2.449 140.0701 [M+NH4]+ 1.23 2.219 0.496 0.006 ** 0.013 * Amino acid metabolism HMDB0001870
3 N-Acetylproline 2.450 158.0807 [M+H]+ 2.29 2.155 0.492 0.008 ** 0.012 * Amino acid metabolism HMDB0094701
4 Naphthol 0.842 162.0926 [M+NH4]+ 2.20 2.192 0.574 0.047 * 0.158 Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 HMDB0012138/
HMDB0012322
5 Indoleacetic acid 3.823 198.0513 [M+Na]+ 1.30 0.467 1.280 0.013 * 0.848 Amino acid metabolism HMDB0000197
6 4-Pyridoxic acid 1.156 201.0860 [M+H]+ 1.05 0.373 2.167 0.000 ** 0.014 * Vitamin B6 metabolism HMDB0000017
7 N-Hydroxy-L-tyrosine 1.563 215.1006 [M+NH4]+ 2.08 0.307 1.869 0.000 ** 0.312 Amino acid metabolism HMDB0038750
8 N-alpha-Acetylcitrulline 1.154 218.1137 [M+H]+ 1.21 0.396 1.964 0.001 ** 0.057 Amino acid metabolism HMDB0000856
9 3-Oxododecanoic acid 6.690 232.1898 [M+NH4]+ 1.24 2.714 0.720 0.010 * 0.442 Fatty acid biosynthesis HMDB0010727
10 Valerylcarnitine/Isovalerylcarnitine 5.306 246.1698 [M+H]+ 1.15 2.136 0.725 0.042 * 0.479 Fatty acid biosynthesis HMDB0013128/HMDB0000688
11 N-Phenylacetylaspartic acid 4.080 252.0842 [M+H]+ 1.53 2.064 0.551 0.007 ** 0.022 * Amino acid metabolism HMDB0029355
12 Palmitic acid/Isopalmitic acid 9.939 274.2743 [M+NH4]+ 5.52 0.741 1.156 0.013 * 0.463 Fatty acid biosynthesis HMDB0000220/HMDB0031068
13 Androsterone/Epiandrosterone 8.665 313.2156 [M+Na]+ 1.61 3.719 0.592 0.001 ** 0.048 * Steroid hormone biosynthesis HMDB0000031/
HMDB0000365
14 Hydroxypregnenolone 10.545 333.2407 [M+H]+ 1.01 0.414 1.438 0.029 * 0.795 Steroid hormone biosynthesis —
15 Galactosylhydroxylysine 6.575 342.1904 [M+NH4]+ 1.01 6.878 0.867 0.006 ** 0.942 Energy metabolism HMDB0000600
16 11-Dehydrocorticosterone 9.011 345.2061 [M+H]+ 1.90 0.325 3.389 0.003 ** 0.001 ** Steroid hormone biosynthesis HMDB0004029
17 Corticosterone 9.537 347.2219 [M+H]+ 2.53 0.289 4.163 0.128 0.035 * Steroid hormone biosynthesis HMDB0001547
18 Arachidonic acid/Arachidonate 10.055 349.2378 [M+FA-H]- 1.87 0.306 0.853 0.014 * 0.989 Arachidonic acid metabolism HMDB0001043/HMDB0060102
19 Docosapentaenoic acid 9.795 353.2475 [M+Na]+ 3.45 3.137 0.413 0.032 * 0.077 Fatty acid biosynthesis HMDB0006528/
HMDB0001976
20 MG(0:0/16:0/0:0) 13.949 353.2667 [M+Na]+ 2.57 0.670 0.964 0.010 * 0.991 Fatty acid biosynthesis —
21 18-Hydroxycorticosterone 9.008 361.2016 [M-H]- 1.59 0.215 4.840 0.001 ** 0.000 ** Steroid hormone biosynthesis HMDB0000319
22 HETE 8.666 365.2332 [M+FA-H]- 3.04 3.978 0.503 0.000 ** 0.110 Arachidonic acid metabolism —
23 Cortolone 8.667 367.2478 [M+H]+ 1.40 4.327 0.553 0.000 ** 0.042 * Steroid hormone biosynthesis HMDB0003128
24 Carbocyclic Thromboxane A2 9.793 371.2576 [M+Na]+ 4.34 2.766 0.414 0.048 * 0.078 Arachidonic acid metabolism METLIN-45632
25 α,α-Dimethyl anandamide 13.286 376.3186 [M+Na]+ 1.34 1.694 1.017 0.026 * 0.999 Retrograde endocannabinoid signaling METLIN-36748
26 LysoPA(i-14:0/0:0) 8.665 405.2038 [M+Na]+ 2.41 7.529 0.452 0.000 ** 0.027 * Lysophosphatidic metabolism HMDB0114765
27 O-Arachidonoyl Glycidol 9.789 405.2644 [M+FA-H]- 3.23 3.122 0.286 0.035 * 0.120 Retrograde endocannabinoid signaling METLIN-44872

* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 compared with DEX group.