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. 2019 Jan 21;9(1):130. doi: 10.3390/nano9010130

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Schematic representation of (a) the preparation of MUC1-binding aptamer-modified gold nanoparticles (Apt MUC1–Au NPs) and (b) their conjugation to graphene oxide (Apt MUC1–Au NPs/GO) for (c) tumor tissue imaging by monitoring Au cluster ions when coupled with laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry; (d) its application with NIR laser irradiation for photothermal therapy of cancer cells; (e) optical images; (f) laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) images of the [Au1]⁺ intensity distributions in tissues after incubation with Apt MUC1–Au NPs/GO for 1 h. (g) Immunostaining of MUC1 by MUC1 antibody (VU4H5) in tissues. (A) Normal breast and (B) tumor breast tissues. Reproduced from [155] (a–c,e–f), with permission from Nature, 2015; Reproduced from [156] (d), with permission from American Chemical Society, 2015.