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. 2019 Jan 11;9(1):91. doi: 10.3390/nano9010091

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(A) Cell viability of HepG2 cells treated with free DOX for 24 h; (B) Cell viability within 24 h under different intensity NIR irradiation only for 5 min; (C) Cytotoxicities of blank micelles (CBMs), DOX-loading micelles (DCBMs), and the control group with/without laser irradiation (+/−) in HepG2 cells after 24 h treatments using the CCK-8 assay; (D) Percentages of cells with different apoptosis analysis stages by flow cytometry. B1: Necrosis; B2: Late apoptotic; B3: Early apoptotic; B4: Viable; a: Control; b: Control + NIR; c: CBM; d: CBM + NIR; e: DCBM; f: DCBM + NIR; (E) Apoptosis analyzed by flow cytometry in HepG2 cells at 24 h after various treatments.