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Summary of potential mechanisms by which O-GlcNAc confers protection. The mechanisms involve attenuation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, interaction with established cardioprotective pathways, predominantly Akt, inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP), attenuation of calcium overload, reactive oxygen species (ROS), heat shock protein (HSP), and cytokine production that reduce systemic inflammatory response. Other abbreviations as in Figure 1.
