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Solvent screening for the dehydrogenative cross-coupling reaction a.
| Entry | Solvent | Yield (%) b | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pd(OAc)2 | Pd/CβCAT | ||
| 1 | DMA | 100 (89) c | 95 (56) c |
| 2 | GVL | 76 (46) c | 95 (43) c |
| 3 | Ethyl lactate | 60 (40 homo) | 57 (42 homo) |
| 4 | Ethyl levulinate | 34 (65 homo) | 15 (58 homo) |
a Reaction conditions: 140 °C, 4 h. b Determined by GC-MS (yields are based on area percentage). c The yields obtained after two hours can be seen in brackets.
