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Schematic illustration of the spatially designed and functionally graded periodontal membrane. (A) Membrane placed in a guided bone regeneration scenario. (B) Details of the core layer (CL) and the functional surface layers (SLs) interfacing bone (n-HAp) and epithelial (MET) tissues. Note the chemical composition step-wise grading from the CL to SLs, i.e., polymer content decreased and protein content increased. (Reproduced with permission from [89]. Elsevier, 2011).
