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. 2019 Jan 21;20(2):440. doi: 10.3390/ijms20020440

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© 2019 by the author.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Structure of the succinate-bound VcINDY. Structure of dimeric VcINDY, as viewed from the membrane bilayer (left panel). VcINDY is shown in ribbon rendition, the N (amino acids 18-231) and C (amino acids 232-462) domains in one protomer are colored cyan and yellow, respectively, whereas the other protomer is colored magenta. Na⁺ ions (green) and succinate are drawn as spheres. The cytoplasmic view of the VcINDY structure (right panel), highlighting the solvent-accessible succinate (black arrows) and buried Na⁺ ions. As such, the crystal structure captures the transporter in the inward-open state. Unless noted otherwise, structural analysis in this review was performed by using the program O and figure was prepared by using the software PyMOL.