Table 1.
Characterization of fucoidan/chitosan (F/C) nanoparticles under distinct pH conditions of the gastrointestinal tract.
| 1F/1C | 3F/1C | 5F/1C | |
| Particle size (nm) | |||
| pH 2.5 | 421 ± 10 | 303 ± 10 | 355 ± 9 |
| pH 3.0 * | 427 ± 26 | 305 ± 10 | 336 ± 10 |
| pH 6.0 | 999 ± 100 | 326 ± 9 | 278 ± 15 |
| pH 7.0 | 2778 ± 720 | 297 ± 10 | 279 ± 10 |
| pH 7.4 | 3310 ± 431 | 339 ± 4 | 388 ± 16 |
| Zeta potential (mV) | |||
| pH 2.5 | +51 ± 2 | −36 ± 2 | −41 ± 2 |
| pH 3.0 * | +61 ± 2 | −39 ± 3 | −44 ± 3 |
| pH 6.0 | −4 ± 2 | −24 ± 3 | −25 ± 3 |
| pH 7.0 | −18 ± 2 | −21 ± 3 | −23 ± 3 |
| pH 7.4 | −14 ± 3 | −23 ± 4 | −23 ± 2 |
* Data from initial formulation.