. 2019 Jan 11;10(1):27. doi: 10.3390/insects10010027

Table 1.

Larvicidal activity of C. zedoaria essential oil (ZEO) and AgNPs synthesized using C. zedoaria oil (ZEO-AgNPs) against deltamethrin-susceptible and -resistant strains of Cx. quinquefasciatus.

Treatments	LC₅₀ (LC₉₉) ppm	95% Confidence Limit LC₅₀ (LC₉₉), ppm		χ² (df = 4)	SE
Treatments	LC₅₀ (LC₉₉) ppm	LCL	UCL	χ² (df = 4)	SE
Cx. quinquefasciatus deltamethrin–susceptible strain
AgNO₃ (control)	Nil	Nil	Nil	Nil	Nil
Deionized water (untreated)	Nil	Nil	Nil	Nil	Nil
ZEO	36.32 (85.11)	33.30 (73.28)	38.94 (107.66)	2.01	0.765
ZEO-AgNPs	0.57 (8.54)	0.49 (6.06)	0.66 (13.32)	6.37	0.137
Cx. quinquefasciatus deltamethrin–resistant strain
AgNO₃ (control)	Nil	Nil	Nil	Nil	Nil
Deionized water (untreated)	Nil	Nil	Nil	Nil	Nil
ZEO	37.29 (76.79)	35.06 (68.02)	39.405 (91.80)	2.38	0.779
ZEO-AgNPs.	0.64 (8.88)	0.55 (6.34)	0.73 (13.69)	5.93	0.139

LC₅₀: Lethal concentration that kills 50% of mosquitoes; LC₉₉: Lethal concentration that kills 99% of mosquitoes; LCL: lower confidence limit; UCL: upper confidence limit; χ²: Chi-square value; df: degrees of freedom; Significant at p < 0.05 level: SE: standard error; Nil: nil mortality.