Table 1.
Items and factor loadings for the scales of nutrition-related parenting practices reported in the questionnaire completed by the parents of seven- to eight-year-old children.
| Factors | Items | Factor Loading | Median | 25th P | 75th P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Factor 1 | Control of Unhealthy Food | 0.006 | −0.463 | 0.773 | |
| 8.38% variance |
I have to ensure that my child does not eat too many sweets | 0.851 | |||
| I have to ensure that my child does not eat too many unhealthy snacks and fast food (potato chips, peanuts, pizza) | 0.847 | ||||
| I have to ensure that my child does not drink too many soft drinks | 0.835 | ||||
| I am hiding some food products from my child | 0.410 | ||||
| Factor 2 | Cost of and Preferences for Food | −0.048 | −0.734 | 0.525 | |
| 7.65% variance |
I do not buy many fruits because they cost too much | 0.840 | |||
| I do not buy many vegetables because they cost too much | 0.829 | ||||
| I do not buy many fruits because my family do not like them | 0.720 | ||||
| I do not buy many vegetables because my family do not like them | 0.707 | ||||
| Factor 3 | Taking Care of Family Food | 0.021 | −0.595 | 0.636 | |
| 6.54% variance |
I enjoy cooking for the family | 0.741 | |||
| I like trying new recipes | 0.657 | ||||
| I usually plan what we will eat the next day | 0.562 | ||||
| Factor 4 | Encouragement | −0.110 | −0.563 | 0.721 | |
| 5.99% variance |
I encourage my child to try new foods | 0.750 | |||
| I encourage my child to eat healthy foods before unhealthy ones | 0.736 | ||||
| I encourage my child to eat a variety of foods | 0.705 | ||||
| Factor 5 | Pressure to Eat | −0.007 | −0.728 | 0.748 | |
| 5.59% variance |
If my child says, ‘‘I’m not hungry,’’ I try to get her/him to eat anyway. | 0.831 | |||
| If I did not guide or regulate my child’s eating s/he would eat much less than s/he should | 0.813 | ||||
| My child should eat all of the food on her/his plate. | 0.658 | ||||
| Factor 6 | Preparation of Food | 0.048 | −0.618 | 0.660 | |
|
5.27% variance |
When cooking food, I usually choose something stewed, steamed or oven-cooked | 0.706 | |||
| In my family, food is more often baked in a pan than steamed or cooked in the oven | −0.632 | ||||
| When I make food, I am choosing healthier foods | 0.524 | ||||
| I model healthy eating for my child by eating healthy food myself | 0.488 | ||||
| Factor 7 | Food as a Reward or Punishment | −0.075 | −0.675 | 0.640 | |
|
5.24% variance |
I use food as a reward for good behaviour | 0.783 | |||
| I use food as a punishment for bad behaviour by not giving chips, sweets, ice cream, etc. | 0.769 | ||||
| Factor 8 | Variety of Food | 0.085 | −0.524 | 0.689 | |
|
4.79% variance |
My child eats a variety of foods | 0.851 | |||
| My child eats plenty of vegetables and fruits | 0.826 | ||||
| Factor 9 | Liberal Attitude | 0.025 | −0.667 | 0.642 | |
|
4.56% variance |
I allow my child to eat snacks whenever s/he wants | 0.739 | |||
| I let my child eat whatever s/he wants | 0.572 | ||||
| I allow my child to leave the table, even if the family is not done eating | 0.507 | ||||
| Factor 10 | Childs Involvement | 0.053 | −0.581 | 0.654 | |
|
4.40% variance |
I involve my child in planning family meals | 0.779 | |||
| I allow my child to help prepare family meals | 0.754 | ||||
| Factor 11 | Mealtime | −0.035 | −0.764 | 0.678 | |
|
4.03% variance |
In our family, it is often difficult to find a time when family members can sit down to a meal together | 0.755 | |||
| It is important that our family eat at least one meal a day together | −0.699 |
P—Percentiles; n = 3006; Kaiser‒Meyer‒Olkin Test (KMO) of sampling adequacy—0.803; total variance explained 62.44%; 5-point Likert response scale (ranging from “Totally disagree” to “Totally agree,” with a neutral midpoint “Neither”) was used.