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. 2019 Jan 16;9(1):100. doi: 10.3390/nano9010100

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Background-subtracted Fe 2p XPS spectra of the sorbents (magnetic lignite and magnetic char) and dried ferrofluid. The multiple peaks of Fe³⁺ and Fe²⁺ in the Fe 2p_3/2 region were labelled in the graph as described by [30,31].