Table 3:
Cox Proportional Hazards of Mortality Among Ever Married Mothers (N=4,388)
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | |
| Birth Cohort (Ref=1922–1926) | ||||||
| 1927–1931 | 1.14* | [1.01 1.27] | 1.14* | [1.02 1.28] | 1.18** | [1.05 1.33] |
| 1932–1937 | 1.28*** | [1.12 1.46] | 1.29*** | [1.13 1.47] | 1.35*** | [1.18 1.55] |
| Black | 1.34*** | [1.20 1.49] | 1.24 | [0.93 1.65] | 1.09 | [0.92 1.30] |
| Family Formation Histories | ||||||
| First Marriage Timing (Ref=Modal Ages 19–24) | ||||||
| Early 1st Marriage (<19) | 1.00 | [0.87 1.15] | 1.07 | [0.91 1.26] | ||
| Late Age 1st Married(25+) | 1.08 | [0.95 1.24] | 1.07 | [0.90 1.27] | ||
| First Birth Timing (Ref=Modal Ages 19–24) | ||||||
| Early 1st Birth (<19) | 1.15 | [0.99 1.34] | 1.18 | [0.96 1.45] | 1.09 | [0.91 1.32] |
| Late Age 1st Birth(25+) | 0.84* | [0.73 0.96] | 0.79** | [0.67 0.94] | 0.83** | [0.73 0.94] |
| Childbirth before Marriage | 1.15 | [0.97 1.36] | 1.27* | [1.00 1.60] | 1.24** | [1.08 1.41] |
| Parity | 0.99 | [0.97 1.01] | 0.98 | [0.95 1.01] | 0.98 | [0.96 1.00] |
| Marital Status (Ref=Continuously Married) | ||||||
| Remarried | 0.83 | [0.66 1.05] | 0.81 | [0.63 1.05] | 0.83 | [0.65 1.04] |
| Divorced/Sep | 1.00 | [0.86 1.16] | 1.1 | [0.91 1.33] | 1.03 | [0.88 1.20] |
| Widowed | 0.77*** | [0.69 0.86] | 0.81** | [0.71 0.93] | 0.79*** | [0.71 0.88] |
| Family Formation by Race | ||||||
| Early 1st Marriage*Black | 0.79 | [0.59 1.08] | ||||
| Late 1st Marriage*Black | 0.98 | [0.74 1.29] | ||||
| Early 1st Birth*Black | 1.03 | [0.74 1.43] | 1.01 | [0.76 1.33] | ||
| Late 1st Birth*Black | 1.32* | [1.02 1.81] | 1.35* | [1.06 1.73] | ||
| Childbirth before Marriage*Black | 0.84 | [0.59 1.19] | ||||
| Remarried *Black | 1.12 | [0.63 1.97] | ||||
| Divorced*Black | 0.78 | [0.58 1.06] | ||||
| Widowed*Black | 0.87 | [0.69 1.10] | ||||
| Parity*Black | 1.04 | [1.00 1.08] | ||||
| Family Background Characteristics | ||||||
| Family Structure (Ref=Two Parent Household) | ||||||
| Mother Only | 1.01 | [0.86 1.17] | ||||
| Other | 1.11 | [0.97 1.28] | ||||
| Parental Occupation (Ref=White collar) | ||||||
| Skilled | 0.93 | [0.79 1.11] | ||||
| Semi-skilled | 1.06 | [0.92 1.23] | ||||
| Farm | 0.80** | [0.68 0.93] | ||||
| Service | 0.96 | [0.78 1.19] | ||||
| Mid Life Characteristics | ||||||
| Employment History (Ref=Never Worked) | ||||||
| Worked < 10 years | 1.02 | [0.91 1.15] | ||||
| Worked 10+ years | 0.70*** | [0.60 0.81] | ||||
| Income in 1967 (thousands) | 0.98*** | [0.97 0.99] | ||||
| Years of Schooling | 0.97** | [0.95 0.99] | ||||
| Fair/Poor Health 1967 | 1.14* | [1.01 1.29] | ||||
| South | 1.10 | [0.99 1.21] | ||||
Notes: HR=Hazard Ratios; CI=Confidence Intervals.
*
p<.05
**
p<.01
***
p<.001