Tranexamic acid (TXA) toxicity in periarticular tissues ex vivo. a) Percentage of dead cells in control (0 mg/ml) and TXA-treated (100 mg/ml) cells in each periarticular tissue (n = 3 tendon, synovium; n = 4 cartilage) after 16 hours of treatment. Mean ± standard error of the mean; Student’s paired t-test. †p < 0.01. b) Tendon, synovium, ligament, and cartilage tissue imaged by confocal microscopy with 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate (CMFDA) and propidium iodide (PI) stain at 16 hours of treatment in control and TXA-treated (100 mg/ml TXA cells). Green stained cells counted as live and red stained cells counted as dead.