Table 2.

Associations (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval) between food insecurity and past year IPV, by type and severity of IPV

IPV Outcome	Food insecurity	Univariate N = 3373	Multivariate* N = 3357
Emotional IPV, past 12 months	Mild food insecurity	2.154 (1.371-3.386)§	2.101 (1.335-3.306)§
	Moderate food insecurity	1.736 (1.176-2.563)§	1.501 (0.991-2.274)†
	Severe food insecurity	2.578 (1.808-3.676)§	1.929 (1.192-3.123)§
Sexual IPV in the last 12 months	Mild food insecurity	1.509 (0.927-2.455)†	1.412 (0.848-2.352)
	Moderate food insecurity	1.772 (1.106-2.840)‡	1.548 (0.927-2.585)†
	Severe food insecurity	1.735 (1.190-2.531)§	1.351 (0.829-2.200)
Physical IPV in the last 12 months	Mild food insecurity	2.703 (1.727-4.232)§	2.818 (1.759-4.515)§
	Moderate food insecurity	1.944 (1.248-3.026)§	1.680 (1.086-2.597)‡
	Severe food insecurity	3.701 (2.486-5.509)§	2.786 (1.669-4.653)§

IPV – intimate partner violence

*Controlling for woman’s age, woman and husband education, ethnicity/caste, geographic region of the country, urban/rural status, development region, woman is the household head, living with partner, occupation of woman and household wealth index.

†P < 0.1.

‡P < 0.05.

§P < 0.01.