Table 1:

Characteristics of post-menopausal women (N=2759) at the MESA baseline exam (2000–2002)^*,^†

Characteristic	Baseline CAC absent (N=1503)	Baseline CAC present (N=1256)	p-value
Demographic factors
Age (years)	61.8 (8.2)	68.8 (8.4)	<0.001
Race/Ethnicity
White, Caucasian	34.5	42.8	<0.001
Chinese American	11.8	12.9
Black, African-American	29.3	24.5
Hispanic	24.4	19.8
Education
< high school	21.0	23.2	<0.001
high school	19.8	24.6
< college	28.3	28.0
≥ college	31.0	24.3
Lifestyle Factors
Physical activity (METS*min/wk)	3840 (1890, 6990)	3124 (1496, 5843)	<0.001
Smoking status
Never	62.7	54.3	<0.001
Former	27.0	34.3
Current	10.4	11.4
Cardiovascular Risk factors
Body Mass Index (kg/m2)	28.6 (6.0)	28.6 (6.1)	1
Systolic Blood Pressure (mm Hg)	125.6 (22.7)	134.0 (23.9)	<0.001
Diastolic Blood pressure (mm Hg)	69.1 (10.4)	69.1 (10.1)	0.92
Anti-hypertensive medication	34.1	50.9	<0.001
Hypertension	42.0	61.4	<0.001
Total cholesterol (mg/dl)	200.6 (35.4)	203.0 (36.2)	0.08
HDL cholesterol (mg/dl)	57.6 (15.4)	55.5 (15.1)	<0.001
Cholesterol lowering meds	13.5	25.5	<0.001
Fasting glucose (mg/dl)	95 (89, 104)	97 (90, 108)	<0.001
Diabetes mellitus
Normal	79.0	70.8	<0.001
Impaired fasting glucose	11.0	13.9
Diabetes mellitus	10.0	15.3
Glomerular Filtration Rate	78.6 (15.0)	71.4 (16.0)	<0.001
Current HT	35.1	28.0	<0.001
Sex Hormones
Total T (nmol/L)	0.9 (0.6, 1.3)	0.9 (0.6, 1.4)	0.65
Free T (%)	1.3 (0.9, 1.7)	1.3 (0.9, 1.7)	0.07
Estradiol (nmol/L)	0.08 (0.05, 0.18)	0.07 (0.04, 0.13)	<0.001
DHEA (nmol/L)	10.9 (7.6, 15.1)	9.5 (6.3, 14.0)	<0.001
SHBG (nmol/L)	58.4 (39.8, 95)	60.4 (42.4, 92.2)	0.92

^*Abbreviations: MESA, Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis; HDL, high density lipoprotein; T, testosterone; DHEA, dehydroepiandrosterone; SHBG, sex hormone binding globulin; CAC, coronary artery calcium

^†Data are mean (S.D), for normally distributed variables, median (25^th, 75^th percentiles) for skewed variables, or (%) of subjects for categorical variables. P values were obtained using t-test or chi-square test.