Table 2.
Prevalence of DSM-5 Cannabis Withdrawal Syndrome and associations with sociodemographic characteristics in NESARC-III frequent cannabis users (N=1527)
| Sociodemographic characteristic | Prevalence % (SE) |
Model 1: Unadjusted | Model 2: Adjusted for sociodemographics |
Model 3: Adjusted for sociodemographics and tobacco withdrawal overlapa |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds Ratio (95% CI) | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | ||
| Total | 12.1 (1.13) | NA | NA | NA |
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 14.4 (2.02) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) |
| Male | 11.0 (1.38) | 0.7 (0.47-1.13) | 0.8 (0.51-1.20) | 0.8 (0.54-1.28) |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||
| White | 10.0 (1.49) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) |
| Black | 15.3 (2.15) | 1.6 (1.01-2.60) | 1.6 (0.97-2.71) | 1.8 (1.06-3.04) |
| American Indian / Alaska Native | 13.7 (5.32) | 1.4 (0.56-3.61) | 1.2 (0.44-3.21) | 1.1 (0.35-3.14) |
| Asian / Native Hawaiian / Pacific Islander | 31.0 (11.92) | 4.0 (1.29-12.64) | 4.2 (1.32-13.53) | 4.5 (1.50-13.80) |
| Hispanic | 12.1 (2.36) | 1.2 (0.71-2.13) | 1.3 (0.76-2.20) | 1.4 (0.84-2.42) |
| Age (years) | ||||
| 18-29 | 15.2 (1.66) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) |
| 30-44 | 11.0 (1.71) | 0.7 (0.46-1.03) | 0.8 (0.52-1.27) | 0.8 (0.54-1.33) |
| 45-64 | 5.5 (1.72) | 0.3 (0.16-0.64) | 0.4 (0.17-0.97) | 0.4 (0.18-1.08) |
| 65 and older | 16.6 (11.65) | 1.1 (0.20-6.00) | 1.3 (0.19-8.09) | 1.8 (0.28-11.88) |
| Educational level | ||||
| Some high school or less | 13.0 (2.67) | 1.0 (0.58-1.75) | 0.9 (0.49-1.56) | 0.8 (0.45-1.46) |
| High school graduate (or GED) | 10.6 (1.84) | 0.8 (0.49-1.29) | 0.8 (0.48-1.32) | 0.8 (0.46-1.26) |
| Some college or higher | 12.8 (1.55) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) |
| Household income | ||||
| $0 - $19,999 | 14.4 (1.76) | 1.2 (0.66-2.17) | 1.3 (0.72-2.41) | 1.3 (0.68-2.28) |
| $20,000 - $34,999 | 10.7 (2.24) | 0.9 (0.44-1.64) | 0.9 (0.46-1.83) | 0.9 (0.44-1.77) |
| $35,000 - $69,999 | 8.2 (1.84) | 0.6 (0.32-1.22) | 0.7 (0.35-1.28) | 0.7 (0.35-1.25) |
| $70,000 or greater | 12.3 (2.80) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married / Living with someone as if married | 9.5 (1.82) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) |
| Widowed / Divorced / Separated | 8.8 (2.19) | 0.9 (0.46-1.80) | 1.0 (0.48-2.16) | 1.0 (0.45-2.09) |
| Never married | 14.6 (1.49) | 1.6 (1.03-2.56) | 1.2 (0.74-2.03) | 1.2 (0.72- 2.01) |
| Urbanicity | ||||
| Urban | 11.6 (1.11) | 0.7 (0.37-1.46) | 0.6 (0.27-1.18) | 0.6 (0.28-1.28) |
| Rural | 15.0 (4.08) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) |
| Region | ||||
| Northeast | 14.7 (3.03) | 1.5 (0.83-2.66) | 1.3 (0.68-2.44) | 1.2 (0.65-2.28) |
| Midwest | 12.3 (1.89) | 1.2 (0.75-1.95) | 1.2 (0.69-2.07) | 1.1 (0.63-1.90) |
| South | 12.1 (2.42) | 1.1 (0.68-2.09) | 1.1 (0.59-1.92) | 1.0 (0.54-1.78) |
| West | 10.3 (1.54) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) |
a
12-month frequent tobacco users experiencing withdrawal symptoms similar to DSM-5 cannabis withdrawal symptoms, which occurred after reduction or cessation of tobacco use.
Note: Significant ORs appear in boldface.