Table 2:

Summary of Meta-analysis Results

(a) SMDs
Variables	I2	Number of studies	Number of subjects	Std. Mean Difference [IV, Random, 95% CI]
Age [3,4,6–15,17,19,22,24]	25%	16	21,665	0.55 [0.47, 0.63] *
LA diameter [1,3,7,8,11,14,15,24]	71%	8	949	0.45 [0.15, 0.75] *
Ejection Fraction [6–12,14,15,19,24]	69%	11	19,961	−0.30 [−0.47, −0.14]*
BMI [7,8,10–12,15,24]	0%	7	19,253	0.01 [−0.03, 0.04]
(b) Pooled ORs
Variables	I2	Number of studies	Number of subjects	Odds Ratio [M-H, Random, 95% CI]
History of HF [5,12,13,18−20,23]	62%	7	32,841	1.56 [1.31, 1.86]*
COPD [2,5–9,12–14,18,19,22,24]	40%	13	34,302	1.36 [1.13, 1.64]*
Hypertension [2–15,18,19,21,22,24]	39%	19	35,498	1.29 [1.12, 1.48]*
History of MI [2,5–7,9,11–13,18,19]	39%	10	33,177	1.18 [1.05, 1.34]*
Diabetes [2–15,18–24]	3%	21	36,059	1.06 [1.00, 1.13]**
β-blocker use [2–10,13–15,18–22,24]	38%	18	17,037	1.13 [0.95, 1.36]
Male gender [2–15,17–22,24]	32%	21	36,173	0.98 [0.87, 1.11]
Dyslipidemia [3,6,8,10,13,15,19,21,23,24]	49%	10	2,286	1.03 [0.75, 1.41]

^*significant difference at the 0.05 test level

^**marginally significant difference at the 0.05 test level

IV=inverse variance, M-H=Mantel-Haenszel, BMI=body mass index, LA=left atrial, COPD=chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, MI=myocardial infarction, HF=heart failure, SMDs=standardized mean differences, ORs=odds ratios