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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Mar 1.

Published in final edited form as: Circ Heart Fail. 2018 Mar;11(3):e004408. doi: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.117.004408

Longitudinal trends in vascular function, echocardiographic parameters, and cardiac biomarker b-type natriuretic peptide using piecewise linear regression with confidence intervals estimated using robust (Huber-White) sandwich-based standard errors (30–32) to illustrate the mean trend in vascular function measures across visits. Figures grouped according to echocardiographic parameters and b-type natriuretic peptide (A), Blood Pressure (B), Large Artery Stiffness (C), Resistive Load (D), Pulsatile Load (E). Abbreviations: LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; BNP, b-type natriuretic peptide; PWV, pulse wave velocity; SBP, systolic blood pressure; PP, pulse pressure; E_A, Effective arterial elastance; TAC, Total arterial compliance; Zc, Characteristic impedance of the aortic root; AI, Augmentation index.

Longitudinal trends in vascular function, echocardiographic parameters, and cardiac biomarker b-type natriuretic peptide using piecewise linear regression with confidence intervals estimated using robust (Huber-White) sandwich-based standard errors (30–32) to illustrate the mean trend in vascular function measures across visits. Figures grouped according to echocardiographic parameters and b-type natriuretic peptide (A), Blood Pressure (B), Large Artery Stiffness (C), Resistive Load (D), Pulsatile Load (E). Abbreviations: LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; BNP, b-type natriuretic peptide; PWV, pulse wave velocity; SBP, systolic blood pressure; PP, pulse pressure; E_A, Effective arterial elastance; TAC, Total arterial compliance; Zc, Characteristic impedance of the aortic root; AI, Augmentation index.