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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Circ Heart Fail. 2018 Mar;11(3):e004408. doi: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.117.004408

Table 5. Association Between Baseline Vascular Function and Longitudinal Changes in LV Diastolic Function (E/e’ and Log10 BNP) Relative to Baseline.

Vascular Function Parameter Adjusted Beta E/e’ 95% CI p value Adjusted Beta Log10 BNP (pg/ml) 95% CI p value
Blood Pressure
 Peripheral SBP (mmHg) 0.3 (−0.2, 0.9) 0.26 0.1 (−0.0, 0.1) 0.15
 Peripheral DBP (mmHg) -0.3 (−0.8, 0.2) 0.23 -0.1 (−0.1, 0.0) 0.24
 Central SBP (mmHg) 0.3 (−0.4, 0.9) 0.41 0.0 (−0.1, 0.1) 0.52
 Peripheral PP (mmHg) 0.5 (−0.01, 0.9) 0.06 0.1 (0.0, 0.2) 0.02
 Peripheral MAP (mmHg) 0.1 (−0.5, 0.6) 0.87 0.0 (−0.1, 0.1) 0.83
Arterial Stiffness
 Carotid-Femoral PWV (m/s) 0.0 (−0.7, 0.7) 0.98 0.1 (−0.0, 0.2) 0.30
Resistive Load
 Total peripheral resistance (TPR) (dyn·sec·cm−5) 0.8 (0.2, 1.4) 0.01 0.1 (−0.0, 0.2) 0.21
 Effective arterial elastance (EA) (mmHg/mL) 0.9 (0.3, 1.5) 0.004 0.1 (0.0, 0.2) 0.01
Pulsatile Load
 Aortic characteristic impedance (Zc) (dyn·sec·cm−5) 0.7 (0.3, 1.0) <0.001 0.1 (0.0, 0.1) 0.01
 Total arterial compliance (TAC)(mL/mmHg) -0.3 (−0.8, 0.3) 0.35 -0.1 (−0.2, 0.0) 0.11
 Augmentation Pressure (mmHg) 1.0 (0.3, 1.7) 0.01 0.0 (−0.1, 0.2) 0.55
 Augmentation index (AI) (%) 0.7 (−0.01, 1.4) 0.05 -0.0 (−0.1, 0.1) 0.84
 Reflected wave transit time (msec) 0.7 (−0.02, 1.5) 0.06 -0.0 (−0.1, 0.0) 0.34
 Reflection magnitude -0.2 (−0.8, 0.5) 0.61 0.0 (−0.1, 0.1) 0.55
 Forward wave amplitude (mmHg) 0.4 (−0.3, 1.1) 0.26 0.1 (−0.0, 0.1) 0.06
 Backward wave amplitude (mmHg) 0.4 (−0.3, 1.1) 0.30 0.1 (−0.0, 0.2) 0.06

Vascular function variables scaled by their standard deviations. Regression coefficients adjusted for age, gender, and categorical visit number. Repeated measures accounted for using GEE. Abbreviations: BNP, b-type natriuretic peptide; CI, confidence interval; PWV, pulse wave velocity; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; PP, pulse pressure; MAP, mean arterial pressure.