Myostatin |
Deletion results in animals with enlarged muscles and larger bones. Inhibitor of osteoblast differentiation and promoter of osteoclast activation. |
Buerhing, 2013[73] |
Irisin |
May support or inhibit bone formation |
Kim 2018 [36] |
β-aminoisobutyric acid, BAIBA |
Prevents osteocyte cell death, preserves bone and muscle |
Kitase, 2018[24] |
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, BDNF |
Regulates VEGF secretion by osteoblasts |
Zhang, 2017 [74] |
Interleukin 6, Il-6 |
Increases osteoclasts |
Kurihara 1990[75] |
IL-15 |
Supports osteoblastic matrix formation |
Loro, 2017[76] |
Il-7 |
promotes osteoclastogenesis |
Weitzmann 2000[77] |