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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Bone. 2018 Nov 5;120:212–218. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.11.002

Table 2.

Bone to Muscle Crosstalk

Factor Description Reference
unknown Primary osteocytes and MLO-Y4 cells induce C2C12 myoblasts to differentiate into myotubes (Mo 2012[78])
PGE2 PGE2 mimics some of the effects of osteocyte secreted factors on myogenesis and muscle function. (Mo 2012[61])
Wnt3a, Wnt1 Wnt3a accelerates C2C12 differentitation Huang, 2017[52]
Osteocalcin Osteocalcin has positive effects on muscle mass and function and is necessary for adaptation to exercise Shen, 2015[79], Mera, 2016[80]
TGFβ Excess TGFβ released from bone due to breast cancer metastasis is responsible for muscle weakness Waning 2015[47]
TGFβ? Pamidronate attenuates muscle loss after pediatric burn injury Borsheim, 2017[81]
unknown Osteocytes produce factors that decrease muscle mass and function with age Gorski, 2016 [82]
RANKL RANKL inhibits muscle mass and function Boulanger, 2018; Dufresne, 2018[60, 83]