unknown |
Primary osteocytes and MLO-Y4 cells induce C2C12 myoblasts to differentiate into myotubes |
(Mo 2012[78]) |
PGE2
|
PGE2 mimics some of the effects of osteocyte secreted factors on myogenesis and muscle function. |
(Mo 2012[61]) |
Wnt3a, Wnt1 |
Wnt3a accelerates C2C12 differentitation |
Huang, 2017[52] |
Osteocalcin |
Osteocalcin has positive effects on muscle mass and function and is necessary for adaptation to exercise |
Shen, 2015[79], Mera, 2016[80] |
TGFβ |
Excess TGFβ released from bone due to breast cancer metastasis is responsible for muscle weakness |
Waning 2015[47] |
TGFβ? |
Pamidronate attenuates muscle loss after pediatric burn injury |
Borsheim, 2017[81] |
unknown |
Osteocytes produce factors that decrease muscle mass and function with age |
Gorski, 2016 [82] |
RANKL |
RANKL inhibits muscle mass and function |
Boulanger, 2018; Dufresne, 2018[60, 83] |