(A) Overlaid active site crystal structures of octopus hemocyanin (green), Streptomyces castaneoglobisporus tyrosinase (red), Aspergillus oryzae catechol oxidase (blue), with O2 in the active sites highlighting their structurally similar active sites (copper and oxygen atoms are shown as large and small spheres, respectively). A representation of (B) the oxygenated active site, and (C) the substrate reactivity of these dicopper enzymes, including that for NspF.