Table 1.
Suspected hypoechoic and anechoic mediastinal lesions: EUS and EUS‐guided FNA diagnosis, cyst fluid chemical analysis, final diagnosis, and management
| EUS | Cyst fluid | Management | Final diagnosis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cyst characteristics | Size (mm) | FNA | CEA | CA19‐9 | LDH | ||
| Hypoechoic | 22 × 28 | Mucin, inflammatory cells | 349.36 | > 1200 | NA | Surgery | Bronchogenic cyst |
| Hypoechoic | 47 × 37 | Lymphocyte, basal‐like cell cluster | 7.54 | 7.91 | NA | Surgery | Thymoma |
| Anechoic | 28 × 25 | Squamous cells | 0.62 | NA | 12 | Observation | Bronchogenic cyst |
| Hypoechoic | 55 × 68 | Erythrocyte, neutrophil, mucin, tumor cells | 85.01 | NA | 15 396 | Surgery | Carcinoma of the lung |
| Anechoic | 50 × 30 | Mucin, lymphocyte | 2.41 | 2.14 | NA | Observation | Bronchogenic cyst |
| Hypoechoic | 88 × 73 | Squamous cells, cholesterol crystal | 15.29 | 229.22 | 164 | Surgery | Displaced parathyroid adenoma |
| Anechoic | 74 × 39 | Inflammatory and squamous cells, mucin | 3.89 | 16.0 | < 10 | Observation | Bronchogenic cyst |
| Hypoechoic | 69 × 53 | Mesothelium, inflammatory, and tumor cells | 4.22 | NA | 462 | Surgery | Carcinoma |
| Anechoic | 47.1 × 46.1 | Ciliated columnar and hemosiderin cells | < 0.5 | 2.98 | 185 | Surgery | Bronchogenic cyst |
| Anechoic | 48.5 × 39.6 | Ciliated columnar, inflammatory, and squamous cells | 40.99 | 18.85 | NA | Surgery | Bronchogenic cyst |
| Cystic and solid | 43 × 30 | Inflammatory and epithelial cells | 40.99 | 18.85 | NA | Surgery | Bronchogenic cyst |
| Anechoic | 40.8 × 39.9 | Squamous cells, phagocytes | 11.84 | NA | NA | Surgery | Bronchogenic cyst |
| Cystic and solid | 61.7 × 41.9 | Inflammatory and squamous cells, fibrocytes, mucin | < 0.5 | NA | 122 | Surgery | Synovial sarcoma |
| Anechoic | 68 × 40 | Ciliated columnar and hemosiderin cells, mucin | 33.01 | NA | 184 | Surgery | Bronchogenic cyst |
| Anechoic | 30.2 × 28.5 | Epithelial cells | 16.73 | NA | 40 | Surgery | Bronchogenic cyst |
| Anechoic | 18 × 15 | Mesothelial cells, lymphocytes | 0.71 | NA | 409 | Observation | Sarcoma |
| Anechoic | 48.5 × 39.6 | Necrosis, fibrosis | 3.88 | NA | 779 | Surgery | Pancreatic pseudocyst |
| Anechoic | 23 × 12 | Squamous andinflammatory cells | 20.71 | NA | 17 | Observation | Bronchogenic cyst |
| Hypoechoic | 14.8 × 11.8 | Neutrophils, tumor cells | 50.58 | NA | 542 | Observation | Carcinoma |
| Hypoechoic | 13.8 × 10.1 | Erythrocytes, epithelial and ciliated columnar cells | 140.42 | NA | 61 | Observation | Bronchogenic cells |
| Anechoic | 60 × 40 | Hemosiderin and epithelial cells, mucin | 4.77 | NA | 21 | Surgery | Bronchogenic cells |
CA, carbohydrate antigen; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; EUS, endoscopic ultrasound; FNA, fine needle aspiration; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; NA, not applicable.