Figure 2.

BCG triggers cytokine release in bladder cancer cells. Primary human bladder cancer cells derived from one male tumor (A) and one female tumor (B) or mouse MB49 cells (C) exposed to BCG (4 × 10⁶–6 × 10⁷ cfu·mL⁻¹) secrete multiple cytokines, as compared to a control group. Results are means ± SEM of measurements from four separate cell cultures. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 (Student's t‐test)