Figure 4.

hnRNP‐K mediates the expression of growth‐ and metastasis‐related proteins in CCA cells. CCA cell lines, KKU‐213 and KKU‐214, were treated with si‐hnRNP‐K for 24, 48, and 72 h. The expression levels of growth‐ and metastasis‐related proteins were determined using western blot. Expression of GAPDH was used as an internal control. The expression of (A) hnRNP‐K, cyclin D1, XIAP, and cleaved caspase 3 as well as (C) EMT markers (E‐cadherin, claudin‐1, vimentin, and slug), and MMP2 and MMP7 was determined in si‐hnRNP‐K‐treated cells in comparison with those of scramble control cells. B and D are the quantitative analysis of (A) and (C) presented as mean ± SD from two independent experiments. (E) The endogenous expression of hnRNP‐K and its downstream targets was compared in 2 CCA cell lines (KKU‐100 and KKU‐213) with different migration/invasion abilities and O‐GlcNAcylation levels. (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01, Students’ t‐test)