Table 2.
Selection of ENSO Performance Measures
| M1 σSST‐N3 | M2 σSST‐N4 | M3 time scale of SST‐N3 power | M4 (σSST‐NDJ)/(σSST‐MAM) | M5 σPPTN‐N4 | M6 SST‐N3 | M7 TAUX‐N4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N96ORCA1 | 0.83 | 0.58 | 2–7 | 1.3 | 2.1 | 25.8 | −0.040 |
| Observations | 0.79 | 0.54 | 3.5, 5.2 | 1.6 | 2.3 (2.7) | 25.7 | −0.034 |
Note. M1 and M2 are the standard deviation of monthly SST anomaly for regions Niño3 (90–150°W, 5°N–5°S) and Niño4 (160°E–150°W, 5°N–5°S; K). M3 shows power spectrum time scales for monthly Nino3 SST anomaly (years, dominant time scale is in bold), M4 is a seasonality metric defined as the ratio of November to January and March to May standard deviation of Niño3 SST anomaly, M5 is the standard deviation of precipitation anomaly for Niño4 (mm/day), M6 is annual mean SST for Niño3 (K), and M7 is the annual mean zonal wind stress for Niño4 (N/m2). SST observations are HadISST, 1901–2000 (Rayner et al., 2003), precipitation is GPCP v2.2, 1979–2013 (Adler et al., 2003; value in brackets from CMAP, 1979–2015; Xie and Arkin, 1997), and wind stress is Southampton Oceanography Centre (SOC) climatology (Josey et al., 1998). ENSO = El Niño/Southern Oscillation; SST = sea surface temperature.