Table 2.
Age-adjusted bivariate associations (HRs) of discrimination, age, immigrant status, marital status, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, BMI, social participation, economic stress and mental health measured in 2008 to all-cause mortality measured in 2013 in residents of Scania, Sweden aged 18–81 (N=12,618 males and N=15,444 females).
| Variable (age adjusted) |
Male |
Female |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | HR | CI 95% | N | HR | CI 95% | ||
| Discrimination | No | 9307 | 1 | 10,350 | 1 | ||
| Yes, once | 2602 | 1.19 | 0.93–1.52 | 4099 | 1.04 | 0.77–1.4 | |
| Yes, several times | 402 | 2.09 | 1.28–3.4 | 589 | 2.08 | 1.21–3.57 | |
| Age | 18–24 | 1038 | 1 | 1406 | 1 | ||
| 25–34 | 1539 | 0.45 | 0.08–2.69 | 2153 | 0.65 | 0.04–10.44 | |
| 35–44 | 2058 | 2.70 | 0.79–9.27 | 2660 | 6.89 | 0.9–52.64 | |
| 45–54 | 2236 | 5.46 | 1.68–17.76 | 2859 | 8.87 | 1.19–66.47 | |
| 55–64 | 2684 | 14.07 | 4.47–44.33 | 2985 | 35.21 | 4.89–253.25 | |
| 65–74 | 2214 | 35.41 | 11.33–110.65 | 2377 | 82.84 | 11.59–592.34 | |
| 75–81 | 849 | 83.47 | 26.67–261.22 | 1004 | 213.77 | 29.92–1528.09 | |
| Born in Sweden | Yes | 10,866 | 1 | 13,251 | 1 | ||
| No | 1752 | 1.05 | 0.81–1.37 | 2193 | 1.46 | 1.11–1.92 | |
| Marital Status | Married | 7006 | 1 | 7791 | 1 | ||
| Unmarried | 3967 | 2.17 | 1.69–2.78 | 4553 | 1.16 | 0.79–1.71 | |
| Separated | 1370 | 1.81 | 1.45–2.27 | 2177 | 1.11 | 0.85–1.45 | |
| Widowed | 275 | 1.51 | 1.1–2.61 | 923 | 1.14 | 0.87–1.49 | |
| Smoking | No | 10,298 | 1 | 12,343 | 1 | ||
| Yes, not daily | 587 | 2.29 | 1.47–3.56 | 638 | 0.58 | 0.22–1.55 | |
| Yes, daily | 1568 | 2.43 | 1.96–3.01 | 2280 | 2.08 | 1.61–2.69 | |
| Alcohol | Never | 1104 | 1 | 2220 | 1 | ||
| 1 time/month > | 2277 | 0.9 | 0.68–1.18 | 4066 | 0.76 | 0.58–1 | |
| 2–4 times/month | 4413 | 0.57 | 0.44–0.76 | 5065 | 0.53 | 0.39–0.72 | |
| 2–3 times/week | 3266 | 0.49 | 0.37–0.66 | 3051 | 0.48 | 0.34–0.68 | |
| 4 times/week < | 1343 | 0.71 | 0.53–0.96 | 818 | 0.75 | 0.51–1.11 | |
| Physical activity | Sedentary | 1774 | 1 | 1849 | 1 | ||
| Moderate | 5340 | 0.37 | 0.3–0.45 | 7210 | 0.3 | 0.24–0.38 | |
| Moderate regular | 2931 | 0.3 | 0.23–0.4 | 3379 | 0.22 | 0.15–0.32 | |
| Regular | 2261 | 0.3 | 0.22–0.41 | 2577 | 0.24 | 0.16–0.36 | |
| BMI | Normal | 4951 | 1 | 8337 | 1 | ||
| Overweight | 5481 | 0.75 | 0.62–0.91 | 4340 | 1.14 | 0.91–1.43 | |
| Obese | 1863 | 1.24 | 0.99–1.56 | 2164 | 0.86 | 0.62–1.17 | |
| Social participation | High | 6948 | 1 | 9055 | 1 | ||
| Low | 5330 | 1.83 | 1.51–2.22 | 6007 | 1.9 | 1.5–2.4 | |
| Economic stress | Never | 9801 | 1 | 11,563 | 1 | ||
| Once or twice | 1731 | 1.65 | 1.28–2.14 | 2369 | 1.28 | 0.9–1.83 | |
| 6 months/year | 378 | 2.72 | 1.71–4.32 | 542 | 2.53 | 1.48–4.33 | |
| Every month | 408 | 2.63 | 1.77–3.92 | 637 | 2.41 | 1.54–3.75 | |
| Mental Health | Good | 10,427 | 1 | 12,120 | |||
| Bad | 1684 | 3.02 | 2.46–3.71 | 2698 | 2.18 | 1,7-2.79 | |