Table 3.
Laboratory data of enrolled GS subjects during and in between the jaundice episodes in comparison to control subjects
| Parameters |
Group A
Patients with Gilbert syndrome (n = 83) |
Group B
Patients with GS and eradicated HCV (n = 18) |
Controls (n = 100) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean liver function tests in between jaundice episodes | ||||
| Total Bilirubin (mg/dL) Mean ± SD (range) | 0.42 ± 0.4 (0.3–1.1) | 0.61 ± 0.5 (0.5–1.2) | 0.38 ± 0.3 (0.1–1.2) | Group A vs. Controls: 0.4410 Group B vs. controls: 0.0087* Group A vs. B: 0.0842 |
| Unconjugated Bilirubin (mg/dL) Mean ± SD (range) | 0.21 ± 0.27 (0.1–0.38) | 0.41 ± 0.29 (0.2–0.41) | 0.17 ± 0.19 (0.1–0.38) | Group A vs. Controls: 0.2425 Group B vs. controls: 0.0096* Group A vs. B: 0.1628 |
| ALT (U/L) Mean ± SD (range) | 20.16 ± 4.83 (18–28) | 24.06 ± 6.18 (19–37) | 19.86 ± 6.31 (17–36) | Group A vs. Controls: 0.7220 Group B vs. controls: 0.0102* Group A vs. B: 0.0038* |
| AST (U/L) Mean ± SD (range) | 23.18 ± 4.83 (17.14–38.5) | 24.72 ± 6.82 (21.63–38.24) | 22.15 ± 4.06 (17.3–32.63) | Group A vs. Controls: 0.1188 Group B vs. controls: 0.0301* Group A vs. B: 0.4770 |
| Alkaline Phosphatase (U/L) Mean ± SD (range) | 80.36 ± 10.85 (75.81–106.17) | 91.04 ± 10.74 (80.38–114) | 81.16 ± 19.27 (7.45–91.5) | Group A vs. Controls: 0.7369 Group B vs. controls: 0.0001** Group A vs. B: 0.0003* |
| Total Protein (g/L) Mean ± SD (range) | 77.26 ± 5.39 (71.37–83.97) | 76.95 ± 4.85 (70–82.96) | 77.84 ± 5.83 (72.74–84.67) | Group A vs. Controls: 0.4891 Group B vs. controls: 0.5429 Group A vs. B: 0.8225 |
| Albumin (g/dl) Mean ± SD (range) | 4.1 ± 0.53 (3.6–5.4) | 3.99 ± 0.61 (3.46–5.2) | 4.2 ± 0.75 (3.76–5.5) | Group A vs. Controls: 0.3085 Group B vs. Controls: 0.2643 Group A vs. B: 0.4391 |
| Mean liver function tests during jaundice episodes | ||||
| Total Bilirubin (mg/dl) Mean ± SD (range) | 3.56 ± 1.82 (1.46–5.7) | 4.23 ± 2.01 (2.04–7.97) | 0.41 ± 0.31 (0.3–1.4) | Group A vs. B: 0.1677 Group A ys. Controls: < 0.0001 Group B vs. controls: < 0.0001 |
| Unconjugated Bilirubin (mg/dl) Mean ± SD (range) | 2.07 ± 0.96 (1.7–3.6) | 3.03 ± 1.08 (1.9–2.06) | 0.37 ± 0.11 (0.1 to 0.6) | Group A vs. B: 0.0001** Group A ys. Controls: < 0.0001 Group B vs. controls: < 0.0001 |
| ALT (U/L) Mean ± SD (range) | 25.59 ± 5.23 (19–39) | 29.51 ± 8.06(23–39) | 27.4 ± 4.5 (18–36) | Group A vs. B: 0.0110* Group A ys. Controls: 0.0083 Group B vs. controls: 0.1360 |
| AST (U/L) Mean ± SD (range) | 27.8 ± 5.4 (22–35) | 27.59 ± 6.14 (19–37) | 29.4 ± 4.7 (20–37) | Group A vs. B: 0.6308 Group A ys. Controls: 0.16 Group B vs. controls: 0.1589 |
| Alkaline Phosphatase (U/L) Mean ± SD (range) | 84.2 ± 15.9 (77–123) | 86.25 ± 17.37 (75–131) | 85.9 ± 14.36 (45–97) | Group A vs. B: 0.6267 Group A ys. Controls: 0.4488 Group B vs. controls: 0.9268 |
| Total Proteins (g/L) Mean ± SD (range) | 74.81 ± 4.7 (71.65–82.9) | 71.21 ± 3.9 (6.259–81.85) | 73.63 ± 4.41 (71.25–80.2) | Group A vs. B: 0.0026* Group A ys. Controls: 0.2096 Group B vs. controls: 0.0510 |
| Serum Albumin (g/dl) Mean ± SD (range) | 4.1 ± 0.61 (3.7–5.5) | 3.89 ± 0.47 (3.5–5.3) | 4.2 ± 0.59 (4.0–5.45) | Group A vs. B: 0.1729 Group A ys. Controls: 0.2625 Group B vs. controls: 0.0371* |
| Hemoglobin, lipids and vitamins during jaundice episode | ||||
| Hemoglobin (gm/dl); mean ± SD | 13.31 ± 1.97 (11.83–13.74) | 12.19 ± 1.38 (12.16–14.14) | 13.61 ± 2.01 (12.77–15.37) | Group A vs. B: 0.5414 Group A ys. controls 0.3140 Group B vs. controls: 0.226 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) Mean ± SD (range) | 169.85 ± 23.74 (132.72–175.92) | 171.52 ± 27.84 (145.73–185.-14) | 175.02 ± 20.14 (142.61–194.98) | Group A vs. B: 0.7909 Group A ys. controls: 0.112 Group B vs. controls: 0.526 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) Mean ± SD (range) | 139.37 ± 24.72 (127.29–240.84) | 140.13 ± 31.52 (136.4–151.81) | 142.817 ± 20.38 (136.87–159.74) | Group A vs. B: 0.9111 Group A ys. controls: 0.302 Group B vs. controls: 0.639 |
| Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (mg/dL) Mean ± SD (range) |
68.12 ± 22.81 (48.98–78.81) | 70.32 ± 21.66 (54.26–76.82) | 75.85 ± 22.87 (58.62–103.84) | Group A vs. B: 0.709 Group A ys. controls: 0.023* Group B vs. controls: 0.999 |
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (mg/dL) Mean ± SD (range) | 54.41 ± 12.72 (45.12–52.83) | 57.92 ± 13.42 (40.18–64.08) | 56.71 ± 13.85 (52.52–67.17) | Group A vs. controls: 0.300 Group A ys. controls: 0.247 Group B vs. controls: 0.733 |
| aVitamin B12 (pg/ml); mean ± SD (95% CI for the mean) | 638. 21 ± 142.15 (507.17 to 769.25) | 649. 17 ± 163.42 (467.90 to 730.44) | 654.71 ± 195.82 (615.86 to 793.57) | Group A vs. B: 0.7733 Group A ys. controls: 0.52 Group B vs. controls: 0.91 |
| b25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 (ng/mL); mean ± SD; (95% CI for the mean) | 21.25 ± 15.89 (18.78 to 35.72) | 20.72 ± 11.39 (17.05 to 45.39) | 45.82 ± 17.38 (38.37 to 49.27) | Group A vs. B: 0.89 Group A ys. controls: < 0.0001 ** Group B vs. controls: < 0.0001** |
| cFolic acid (ng/mL); mean ± SD (95% CI for the mean) | 16.53 ± 3.63 (13.95 to 15.1) | 15.93 ± 2.51 (14.38 to 16.67) | 18.36 ± 3.16 (17.33 to 20.1) | Group A ys. B: 0.4073 Group A vs. controls: < 0.0002** Group B vs. controls: < 0.0001** |
aVitamin B12 normal range: 200 to 900 picograms (pg) per milliliter. Normal B12 status: > 550 pg/ml and deficient in B12: < 550 pg/ml
b25-hydroxy-vitamin D normal range: 20 to 60 ng/mL. Levels less than 20 ng/mL suggest vitamin D deficiency
cFolic acid normal range in adults: 2–20 ng/mL
P value < 0.05 is significant
* P value is significant
** P value is highly significant