Table 2.
Repeated measures ANOVA for kinematic variables (N = 18)
| Kinematic variablea | Natural double leg up-right posture | Functional turnout | Forced turnout | Sautés in first position |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SE) (95CI) | Mean (SE) (95CI) | Mean (SE) (95CI) | Mean (SE) (95CI) | |
| Hindfoot eversion | 1.1 (0.8) (− 0.6 to 2.8) | 5.7 (0.9)* (3.7 to 7.6) | 7.1 (0.9)* d (5.2 to 9.0) | 15.8 (1.6)* (12.4 to 19.1) |
| Midfoot abduction | 2.8 (1.2) (0.2 to 5.4) | 5.6 (1.3)* c (2.8 to 8.4) | 6.3 (1.3)* e (3.5 to 9.2) | 7.7 (1.3)* (5.0 to 10.5) |
| Forefoot abduction | 7.6 (1.0) (5.4 to 9.8) | 8.4 (1.0) (6.2 to 10.6) | 8.8 (1.0)f (6.7 to 10.9) | 8.7 (1.1) (6.3 to 11.0) |
| Navicular drop (mm)b | 1.6 (0.9) (− 0.3 to 3.5) | 1.9 (1.0) (− 0.2 to 4.1) | 12.9 (1.2)† (10.4 to 15.5) | |
| First MTPJ abduction | 10.7 (1.6) (7.3 to 14.1) | 12.0 (1.6) (8.7 to 15.3) | 13.5 (1.8) (9.7 to 17.4) | 13.1 (1.8) (9.4 to 16.8) |
*A significant difference relative to natural double leg up-right posture p < 0.001
†A significant difference relative to functional turnout p < 0.001
aAngle values expressed in degrees unless otherwise signified
bA negative value represents an increase in the navicular tuberosity height. A measurement error < 1 mm
cThis significant result should be interpreted with caution because of the small difference
dA significant difference of p = 0.033 relative to functional turnout. This significant result should be interpreted with caution because of the small difference
eA significant difference of p = 0.012 relative to functional turnout. This significant result should be interpreted with caution because of the small difference
fA significant difference of p = 0.042 relative to natural double leg up-right posture. This significant result should be interpreted with caution because of the small difference
Abbreviations: SE standard error; 95CI, 95% confidence interval