Table 2.
Clinical parameters and social cognitive factors between two groups of a rural population with prediabetes
| Parameters | Intervention M (SD) | Control M (SD) | p value* | Cohen’s d [95% CI] | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (n = 136) | After (n = 129) | Baseline (n = 136) | After (n = 116) | |||
| Clinical factors | ||||||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.1 (4.8) | 26.3 (4.7) | 27.8 (4.3) | 27.8 (4.0) | 0.027 | −0.33 [− 0.58 to − 0.081] |
| FBS, mg/dl | 108.4 (6.1) | 99.4 (8.1) | 108 (4.8) | 105.8 (8.3) | 0.002 | −0.63 [− 0.89 to − 0.37] |
| Weight, kg | 68.7 (13.5) | 66.9 (13.1) | 71.7 (12.2) | 71.2 (10.6) | 0.001 | −0.35 [− 0.60 to − 0.10] |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 129.8 (15.1) | 116.5 (14.2) | 132.9 (16.2) | 125.2 (16.2) | 0.308 | −0.57 [− 0.83 to − 0.32] |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 81.5 (9.4) | 75.9 (8.2) | 84.2 (7.2) | 83.3 (6.0) | < 0.001 | −1.01 [−1.28 to − 0.74] |
| Social cognitive factors | ||||||
| Task self-efficacy | 4.1 (1.68) | 5.7 (0.4) | 4.0 (1.2) | 4.1 (1.2) | < 0.001 | 1.79 [1.5–2.08] |
| Planning self-efficacy | 5.0 (1.66) | 5.9 (0.9) | 4.3 (1.3) | 4.4 (1.3) | < 0.001 | 1.44 [1.16–1.72] |
| Coping self-efficacy | 5.0 (1.5) | 5.00 (1.6) | 4.5 (1.3) | 4.2 (1.3) | < 0.001 | 0.44 [0.19–0.68] |
| Outcome expectancy | 2.1 (0.9) | 3.0 (0.6) | 1.9 (0.6) | 2.0 (0.6) | < 0.001 | 1.60 [1.31–1.89] |
| Goal setting | 2.1 (0.9) | 3 (0.6) | 1.9 (0.6) | 1.9 (0.6) | < 0.001 | 1.71 [1.42–2.00] |
*p value for group comparison derived from GLMM allowing for clustering design and adjusted for age, gender, literacy, and family history of type II diabetes, and baseline measurements using ITT analysis based on MI
BMI body mass index, BP blood pressure, CI confidence interval, FBS fasting blood sugar, GLMM generalized linear mixed model, ITT intention-to-treat, M mean, MI multiple imputation, SD standard deviation