Table 1.
Characteristics of studies included in the review (n = 29)
| Author | Country | Year of publication | Facilities (n) | Facility type | Cohort size (n) | Time of cohort observation | Children’s age | Median or mean age (years) | Female (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abrams [28] | South Africa | 2017 | 5 | 226 | Jan.-Dec. 2011 | < 2 years | |||
| Andargie [31] | Ethiopia | 2018 | 1 | Public | 269 | 2008–2013 | <15 years | 56.9 | |
| Anigilaje [32] | Nigeria | 2018 | 1 | Public | 368 | Oct. 2010-Dec. 2013 | <15 years | 5.6 | 44.0 |
| Auld [34] | Côte d’Ivoire | 2014 | 29 | 2110 | 2004–2008 | <15 years | 5.1 | 46.0 | |
| Auld [33] | Mozambique | 2015 | 25 | 1054 | 2004–2009 | <15 years | 3.3 | 50.0 | |
| Ben-Farhat [11] | Malawi, Uganda and Kenya | 2017 | 4 | Public & NGO | 3949 | Dec. 2001-Dec. 2010 | <15 years | 4.2 | 49.6 |
| Biru [35] | Ethiopia | 2018 | 8 | Public | 304 | 2014–2016 | 3 month-14 years | 9 | 48.4 |
| Brophy [22] | Malawi | 2016 | 31 | Public | 2203 | Oct. 2003-Sept. 2011 | <15 years | 4.8 | 50.6 |
| Davies [19] | Malawi, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe |
2014 | 11 | 12,655 | 2004–2010 | < 10 years | |||
| Ditekemena [36] | Democratic Republic of Congo | 2014 | 3 | Private & NGO | 522 | Sept. 2007-May 2012 | 6 month-14 years | 4.7 | 49.0 |
| Ebissa [12] | Ethiopia | 2015 | 4 | Public | 556 | Jan. 2008-Dec. 2009 | 1–12 years | 6.3 | 47.5 |
| Ebonyi [13] | Nigeria | 2014 | 1 | Public | 691 | Jul. 2005-Mar. 2013 | 2 month-15 years | 3.7 | 48.9 |
| Edessa [37] | Ethiopia | 2015 | 2 | Public | 305 | Sept. 2010-Mar. 2013 | <15 years | 52.1 | |
| Kedir [38] | Ethiopia | 2014 | 1 | Public | 560 | Jan. 2006-Dec. 2010 | < 14 years | 50.6 | |
| Lamb [18] | Kenya, Mozambique, Tanzania and Rwanda | 2014 | 160 | 2045 | Jan. 2005-Sept. 2010 | 10–14 years | |||
| Lilian [29] | South Africa | 2017 | 106 | 5461 | Jan. 2005-Dec. 2014 | <15 years | 5.0 | 50.8 | |
| Marazzi [30] | Mozambique, Malawi and Guinea | 2014 | 17 | Public | 2215 | Jan. 2005-Dec. 2008 | <15 years | 4 | 47.7 |
| McHugh [39] | Zimbabwe | 2017 | 7 | Public | 296 | Jan. 2013-Dec. 2014 | 6–15 years | ||
| Melaku [20] | Ethiopia | 2017 | 70 | Public | 6815 | Jan. 2006-Sept. 2013 | <15 years | ||
| Mokgatle [45] | Ethiopia | 2016 | 1 | Public | 786 | Mar. 2005-Mar. 2012 | < 18 years | 7.9 | 49.7 |
| Mulugeta [40] | Ethiopia | 2017 | 4 | Public | 757 | Jan. 2008-Dec. 2010 | <15 years | 49.0 | |
| Naik [41] | Tanzania | 2016 | 2 | NGO | 93 | Mar.-Dec. 2011 | < 2 years | 1.1 | 46.2 |
| Njom [14] | Cameroon | 2017 | 1 | 197 | 2005–2009 | < 17 years | 3 | 46.0 | |
| Ojeniran [42] | Nigeria | 2015 | 1 | 660 | 2005–2011 | <15 years | 3.4 | 49.7 | |
| Ojikutu [23] | Nigeria | 2014 | 23 | 1516 | Nov. 2002-Dec. 2011 | < 18 years | 47.2 | ||
| Porter [21] | South Africa, Zimbabwe, Malawi and Zambia | 2015 | 4945 | Jan. 2004-Dec. 2012 | <1 years | 0.5 | 51.5 | ||
| Sidamo [44] | Ethiopia | 2017 | 2 | Public | 407 | Jan. 2009-Dec. 2016 | < 14 years | 6 | 42.8 |
| Teasdale [43] | South Africa | 2017 | 1 | 681 | Jan. 2004-Sept. 2015 | <15 years | 3 | 48.5 | |
| Vermund [27] | Mozambique | 2014 | 753 | Jun. 2006-Jul. 2011 | <15 years | 1 | 52.5 |
Blank spaces mean data is not available or not reported