Comparison 1. Exercise versus control (rate of falls).

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Rate of falls ‐ overall analysis	59	12981	Rate Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.77 [0.71, 0.83]
2 Rate of falls ‐ subgrouped by baseline falls risk	59		Rate Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
2.1 Not selected for high risk of falling	29	6123	Rate Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.74 [0.65, 0.84]
2.2 Selected for high risk of falling	30	6858	Rate Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.80 [0.72, 0.88]
3 Rate of falls ‐ subgrouped by age (threshold 75 years)	59		Rate Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
3.1 Age < 75	46	9605	Rate Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.75 [0.69, 0.82]
3.2 Age 75+	13	3376	Rate Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.83 [0.72, 0.97]
4 Rate of falls ‐ subgrouped by personnel	59	12981	Rate Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.77 [0.71, 0.83]
4.1 Health professional delivering intervention	25	4511	Rate Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.69 [0.61, 0.79]
4.2 No health professional delivering intervention	34	8470	Rate Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.82 [0.75, 0.90]
5 Rate of falls ‐ subgrouped by group or individual exercise	59	12981	Rate Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.77 [0.71, 0.83]
5.1 Group exercise	40	8163	Rate Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.76 [0.69, 0.85]
5.2 Not group exercise	21	4818	Rate Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.79 [0.71, 0.88]
6 Rate of falls ‐ subgrouped by exercise type	59		Rate Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
6.1 Balance and functional exercises vs control	39	7920	Rate Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.76 [0.70, 0.81]
6.2 Resistance exercise vs control	5	327	Rate Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	1.14 [0.67, 1.97]
6.3 3D exercise (Tai Chi) vs control	7	2655	Rate Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.81 [0.67, 0.99]
6.4 3D exercise (dance) vs control	1	522	Rate Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	1.34 [0.98, 1.83]
6.5 Walking programme vs control	2	441	Rate Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	1.14 [0.66, 1.97]
6.6 Multiple categories of exercise vs control	11	1374	Rate Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.66 [0.50, 0.88]
7 Rate of falls ‐ long‐term follow‐up by exercise type	4		Rate Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
7.1 Balance and functional exercises vs control	2	858	Rate Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.82 [0.66, 1.01]
7.2 Walking programme vs control	1	97	Rate Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	1.27 [0.89, 1.81]
7.3 Multiple categories of exercise vs control	1	175	Rate Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.80 [0.55, 1.16]