Comparison 12. Sensitivity analysis 1: exercise versus control excluding studies that included people < 65 years.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Rate of falls: pooled data	53	11807	Rate Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.77 [0.71, 0.84]
2 Rate of falls: grouped by exercise type	53		Rate Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
2.1 Balance and functional exercises vs control	34	7436	Rate Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.75 [0.69, 0.81]
2.2 Resistance exercise vs control	5	327	Rate Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	1.14 [0.67, 1.97]
2.3 3D exercise (Tai Chi) vs control	6	1971	Rate Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.83 [0.67, 1.03]
2.4 3D exercise (dance) vs control	1	522	Rate Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	1.34 [0.98, 1.83]
2.5 Walking programme vs control	2	441	Rate Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	1.14 [0.66, 1.97]
2.6 Multiple categories of exercise vs control	11	1404	Rate Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.66 [0.50, 0.88]
3 Number of fallers: pooled data	52	11576	Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.85 [0.80, 0.90]
4 Number of fallers: grouped by exercise type	54		Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
4.1 Balance and functional exercises vs control	30	7287	Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.86 [0.82, 0.91]
4.2 Resistance exercise vs control	2	163	Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.81 [0.57, 1.15]
4.3 3D exercise (Tai Chi) vs control	6	1915	Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.82 [0.71, 0.94]
4.4 3D exercise (dance) vs control	1	522	Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	1.35 [0.83, 2.20]
4.5 Walking programme vs control	2	441	Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	1.05 [0.71, 1.54]
4.6 Multiple categories of exercise vs control	17	1623	Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.78 [0.64, 0.96]
5 Number of people who experienced one or more fall‐related fractures: pooled data	10	4047	Risk Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI)	0.73 [0.56, 0.95]
6 Number of people who experienced one or more fall‐related fractures: by exercise type	10		Risk Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
6.1 Balance and functional exercises vs control	7	2139	Risk Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI)	0.44 [0.25, 0.76]
6.2 Resistance exercise vs control	1	73	Risk Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI)	0.97 [0.14, 6.49]
6.3 Walking programme vs control	1	97	Risk Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI)	0.66 [0.11, 3.76]
6.4 Multiple categories of exercise vs control	3	1810	Risk Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI)	0.85 [0.62, 1.16]
7 Number of people who experienced one or more falls requiring medical attention: pooled data	5	1019	Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.61 [0.47, 0.79]
8 Number of people who experienced one or more falls requiring medical attention ‐ subgrouped by exercise type	5		Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
8.1 Balance and functional exercises vs Control	3	585	Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.76 [0.54, 1.09]
8.2 Resistance exercises vs control	1	73	Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.92 [0.47, 1.80]
8.3 3D exercise (Tai Chi) vs Control	1	188	Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.35 [0.13, 0.93]
8.4 Multiple categories of exercise vs control	2	248	Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.44 [0.29, 0.66]