| Study IDa | Adherence was measured | Adherence data were reported | Measurement of adherence | Reported adherence resultsb |
| Gait, balance, and functional training | ||||
| Almeida 2013 | No | No | ‐ | ‐ |
| Arantes 2015 | Yes | Yes | Adherence to exercise programme | Mean (range) number of sessions attended: exercise group = 22.1 (20 to 24), control group = 10.8 (10 to 12) |
| Barnett 2003 | Yes | Yes | Attendance | 33.7% of participants attended > 30/37 classes |
| Boongrid 2017 | Yes | Yes | Repetitions, sets, duration | 56.8% exercised ≥ 120 minutes a week at 12 months |
| Campbell 1997 | Yes | No | ‐ | ‐ |
| Clegg 2014 | Yes | Yes | Attendance | Mean attendance = 46% |
| Clemson 2010 | No | No | ‐ | ‐ |
| Clemson 2012 LiFE | Yes | Yes | Adherence to exercise programme | 76% still exercising at 6 months |
| Cornillon 2002 | No | No | ‐ | ‐ |
| Dadgari 2016 | No | No | ‐ | ‐ |
| Dangour 2011 | Yes | Yes | Attendance | Adherence: 38% |
| Day 2002 | Yes | Yes | Attendance | Mean (SD) number of sessions attended = 10 (3.8) of 15 sessions |
| Duque 2013 | Yes | Yes | Adherence to exercise programme | Adherence: 97% |
| El‐Khoury 2015 | Yes | Yes | Started exercise programme | Started the programme = 84%. Attended > 1 month = 73% |
| Gschwind 2015 | Yes | Yes | Adherence to exercise programme | Median (IQR): number of times iStoppFalls system used = 42 (57); duration = 11.7 hours (22); number of times balance exergames were performed = 24 (30); duration = 4.0 hours (6.9); number of strength exercises performed = 20 (31); duration = 7.9 hours (13.4) |
| Halvarsson 2013 | Yes | Yes | Attendance | Mean (range) adherence to the training sessions, intervention group: 87% (71% to 100%) |
| Halvarsson 2016 balance | Yes | Yes | Attendance | Mean (range) attendance, intervention group: 89% (66% to 100%) |
| Hamrick 2017 | Yes | Yes | Attendance | Mean attendance at yoga classes: 92% |
| Hirase 2015 | Yes | Yes | Attendance | Proportion of classes attended, foam rubber: 95.5%; stable surface: 93.3%; control: 91.2% |
| Iliffe 2015 | Yes | Yes | Attendance | Proportion attended ≥ 75% classes, group ex + OEP group: 40%. Attained ≥ 75% home exercise prescription of 90 minutes/week, OEP: 37% |
| Iwamoto 2009 | Yes | Yes | Attendance | Attendance at 3‐week programme: 100% |
| Karinkanta 2007 balance | Yes | Yes | Attendance | Mean attendance: 59% |
| Kerse 2010 | Yes | Yes | Adherence to exercise programme | Intervention group: exercised ≥ 2 a week = 55% of participants; walked ≥ 2 a week = 59%; exercised ≥ 3 a week = 25%; walked ≥ 3 a week = 37%; programme almost daily = 20%. Control group: completed all visits = 86% of participants |
| Kovacs 2013 | Yes | Yes | Adherence to exercise programme | Mean (range) attendance (/50 sessions): 80.6% (56% to 100%) |
| Lin 2007 | No | No | ‐ | ‐ |
| Liu‐Ambrose 2008 | Yes | Yes | Adherence to exercise programme | Intervention group. Completed programme ≥ 1 a week = 68% of participants; ≥ 2 a week = 57% of participants; ≥ 3 a week = 25% of participants |
| Liu‐Ambrose 2004 agility group | Yes | Yes | Attendance | Attendance, agility training group: 87.3%; stretching group: 78.8% |
| Lord 1995 | Yes | Yes | Attendance | Attendance at ≥ 60% classes: 75%. For these attendees, mean (range) number of classes attended: 60 (26 ‐ 82) |
| Lord 2003 | Yes | Yes | Attendance | Mean proportion of sessions attended: 42.3% |
| Luukinen 2007 | No | No | ‐ | ‐ |
| Madureira 2007 | Yes | Yes | Adherence to exercise programme | Proportion of participants who attended 100% of sessions: 60%. Proportion of participants who did home exercise ≥ 1 a week: 76.7%; ≥ 1 to 4 a week: 36.7%; every day: 40% |
| McMurdo 1997 | Yes | Yes | Attendance | Mean (range) proportion of sessions attended: 76% (46% to 100%) |
| Miko 2017 | No | No | ‐ | ‐ |
| Morgan 2004 | Yes | Yes | Attendance | Mean proportion of the 24 scheduled sessions attended: 70%. Participants who dropped out of the study completed an average of 31.7% of the exercise sessions compared with 82.9% completed session by those who did not drop out |
| Nitz 2004 | No | No | ‐ | ‐ |
| Reinsch 1992 | No | No | ‐ | ‐ |
| Robertson 2001a | Yes | Yes | Adherence to exercise programme | Performed exercises ≥ 2x/week = 72% of participants; ≥ 3x/week = 43% of participants. Walked ≥ 2x/week = 71% of participants |
| Sakamoto 2013 | Yes | No | Adherence to exercise programme | No data |
| Sales 2017 | Yes | Yes | Attendance | Mean adherence: 79.6% |
| Siegrist 2016 | Yes | Yes | Attendance | Proportion of participants who attended > 10 sessions: 82%. Proportion of participants who performed home exercise programme ≥ 10x: 46% |
| Smulders 2010 | Yes | Yes | Attendance | Proportion of sessions completed: 92.8%. Proportion of participants who completed 100% of sessions: 53.2% |
| Trombetti 2011 | Yes | Yes | Attendance | Mean attendance at exercise programme: 78% |
| Weerdesteyn 2006 | Yes | Yes | Attendance | Mean attendance at exercise sessions: 87% |
| Wolf 1996 balance | No | No | ‐ | ‐ |
| Yang 2012 | Yes | Yes | Adherence to exercise programme | Proportion of intervention participants with full adherence: 44.1%; exercised < 2x/week: 13.6% |
| Strength/resistance (including power) | ||||
| Ansai 2015 resistance | Yes | Yes | Adherence to exercise programme | 56.5% performed ≥ 24 sessions for 16 weeks (50% intervention) |
| Fiatarone 1997 | No | No | ‐ | ‐ |
| Grahn Kronhed 2009 | Yes | Yes | Attendance | Mean attendance at scheduled sessions, exercise group: 24/30 sessions (median (range) 25 (13 ‐ 30) |
| Karinkanta 2007 resistance | Yes | Yes | Attendance | Mean attendance: 74% |
| Latham 2003 | Yes | Yes | Attendance, exercise intensity | Mean adherence: 82% of prescribed sessions. Mean (SD) exercise intensity at the end of training: 51% (13%) of 1 RM; 25% of participants reached the high intensity desired by the intervention |
| Liu‐Ambrose 2004 resistance | Yes | Yes | Attendance | Attendance, agility training group: 87.3%; stretching group: 78.8% |
| Vogler 2009 seated group | Yes | Yes | Attendance | Proportion of sessions completed: 70% |
| Woo 2007 resistance | No | No | ‐ | ‐ |
| 3D | ||||
| Day 2015 | Yes | Yes | Attendance, hours | Mean (SD) class attendance (/96 classes offered): intervention 34.4 (SD 26.9); control 41.3 (26.1). Mean intervention dose = 25.8 hours |
| Huang 2010 | No | No | ‐ | ‐ |
| Li 2005 | Yes | Yes | Attendance | ‐ |
| Logghe 2009 | Yes | Yes | Attendance | Attendance at ≥ 80% of lessons: 47% |
| Merom 2016 | Yes | Yes | Attendance | Median (IQR) attendance to sessions was 56% (IQR 26% to 77%) (approximately 45 sessions) |
| Voukelatos 2007 | No | No | ‐ | ‐ |
| Wolf 2003 | Yes | Yes | Attendance | Mean (SD) attendance in the Tai Chi group: 76% (19); control group 81% (17) |
| Wolf 1996Tai Chi | No | No | ‐ | ‐ |
| Woo 2007 Tai Chi | No | No | ‐ | ‐ |
| Wu 2010 Com‐ex | No | No | ‐ | ‐ |
| Wu 2010 Home‐ex | No | No | ‐ | ‐ |
| Wu 2010 Tel‐ex | Yes | Yes | Attendance | Mean (SD) attendance in Tel‐ex group: 69% (27); Comm‐ex: 71% (27); Home‐ex: 38% (46). Mean (SD) total exercise time (hours): Tel‐ex: 30 (12); Comm‐ex: 31 (12); Home‐ex 17 (21) |
| General physical activity | ||||
| Ebrahim 1997 | No | No | ‐ | ‐ |
| Resnick 2002 | Yes | Yes | Adherence to exercise programme | 7/10 intervention participants adhered to the recommended walking programme (20 minutes 3 a week). 2/10 engaged in a regular walking programme but did not meet the recommended dose. 1 did not engage in any exercise. None of the 7 control group participants started an exercise programme during the course of the study |
| Voukelatos 2015 | No | No | ‐ | ‐ |
| Exercise versus exercise | ||||
| Ballard 2004 | No | No | ‐ | ‐ |
| Barker 2016 | Yes | Yes | Adherence to exercise programme | Proportion attended over 75% of the classes: 95% |
| Davis 2011 | No | No | ‐ | ‐ |
| Helbostad 2004 | No | No | ‐ | ‐ |
| Hwang 2016 | Yes | Yes | Attendance | Proportion attended >20 sessions: Tai Chi group 78%; lower limb group 72% |
| Kemmler 2010 | No | No | ‐ | ‐ |
| Kwok 2016 | No | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| Kyrdalen 2014 | Yes | Yes | Attendance | Mean(SD) attendance, OEP group: 21.9 (SD 2.7) out of the possible 24 exercise sessions; OEP home: 32.8 (2.8) out of the recommended 36 exercise sessions |
| LaStayo 2017 | Yes | Yes | Attendance | In both groups, all participants completed ≥ requisite minimum 18/36 exercise classes and > 90% of participants who > 28/36 exercise classes |
| Liston 2014 | No | No | ‐ | ‐ |
| Lurie 2013 | No | No | ‐ | ‐ |
| Mirelman 2016 | No | Yes | ‐ | ‐ |
| Morone 2016 | No | No | ‐ | ‐ |
| Morrison 2018 | Yes | Yes | Adherence to exercise programme | Proportion who completed the training or all sessions in Wii group: < 50% |
| Okubo 2016 | Yes | Yes | Repetitions, sets, duration | Mean (SD) exercise, balance group: 1.4 (0.5) sets/day, for 4.6 (2.0) days/week; walking group: 45.2 (24.5) min/day of walking for 4.3 (1.7) days week |
| Shigematsu 2008 | No | No | ‐ | ‐ |
| Skelton 2005 | Yes | Yes | Started exercise programme | Proportion of intervention participants who completed > 1 intervention session: 73% |
| Steadman 2003 | No | No | ‐ | ‐ |
| Taylor 2012 | Yes | Yes | Attendance | Median (IQR) attendance at exercise programme: 79% (49% to 90%) |
| Verrusio 2017 | No | No | ‐ | ‐ |
| Yamada 2010 | Yes | Yes | Attendance | Median (IQR) adherence: 100% (74% to 100%) for each group |
| Yamada 2012 | Yes | Yes | Attendance | Median (IQR) adherence in complex course group: 96% (88% to 100%); simple course group: 96% (88% to 100%) |
| Yamada 2013 | Yes | Yes | Attendance | Median (IQR) adherence, multitarget stepping programme: 93% (83% to 96%); walking programme: 92% (83% to 96%) |
| Multiple primary exercise categories | ||||
| Ansai 2015 multicomponent* | Yes | Yes | Adherence to exercise programme | 34.7% performed ≥ 24 sessions for 16 weeks (50% intervention) |
| Arkkukangas 2015 | Yes | Yes | Adherence to exercise programme | Adherent = 73, not adherent = 27. Definition of adherence unclear |
| Beyer 2007c | Yes | Yes | Attendance | Training compliance was on average 79% (42 ‐ 100%) |
| Brown 2002c | Yes | Yes | Attendance | Mean attendance 84.6% (22/26 sessions), range 62% to 100% |
| Buchner 1997 | No | No | ‐ | ‐ |
| Bunout 2005c | Yes | Yes | Attendance | 58% attended > 50% of sessions |
| Carter 2002 | Yes | Yes | Attendance | Attendance: 89% |
| Cerny 1998c | No | No | ‐ | ‐ |
| Clemson 2012 structuredc | Yes | Yes | Adherence to exercise programme | 71% still exercising at 6 months |
| Freiberger 2007c | Yes | Yes | Attendance | Proportion of intervention participants participating in > 75% of sessions: 77% |
| Gill 2016c | Yes | Yes | Attendance | Mean attendance at scheduled sessions, physical activity group: 68%; median (IQR) 71% (50% to 83%) |
| Haines 2009c | Yes | Yes | Adherence to exercise programme | Number of intervention participants who adhered to exercise in week 8: ≥ 1 a week = 8/19; ≥ 2 a week = 4/19 |
| Hauer 2001c | Yes | Yes | Adherence to exercise programme | Mean adherence, intervention group: 85.4%; control group: 84.2% |
| Irez 2011c | Yes | Yes | Attendance | Proportion of sessions completed: 92% |
| Kamide 2009* | Yes | Yes | Adherence to exercise programme | Intervention participants. Completed intervention > 3 a week, 19/23 (82.6%) participants; completed intervention > 2 a wk, 21/23 (91.3%) participants |
| Karinkanta 2007 resistance and balance groupsc | Yes | Yes | Attendance | Mean attendance: 67% |
| Kim 2014c | Yes | Yes | Attendance; exercise sessions at home | Intervention group. Mean (range) attendance at sessions: 75.3% (64% ‐ 86%); mean frequency of home exercise programme: 3.4 a week; mean exercise time: 24.9 minutes |
| Korpelainen 2006 | Yes | Yes | Attendance | Intervention group. Mean attendance at sessions: 75%; mean frequency of home exercise programme: 3 a week |
| Lehtola 2000 | Yes | Yes | Adherence to exercise programme | "Active participants": 52 participants; "Passive participants": 20 |
| Means 2005c | No | No | ‐ | ‐ |
| Ng 2015c | Yes | Yes | Attendance | Mean attendance: physical training 85%, control 94% |
| Park 2008 | No | No | ‐ | ‐ |
| Rubenstein 2000 | Yes | Yes | Attendance | Exercise participants attended 84% of the exercise sessions |
| Sherrington 2014c | Yes | Yes | Reps, sets, duration | Proportion of prescribed repetitions completed in 12th month: 47% |
| Suzuki 2004c | Yes | Yes | Attendance | Mean attendance at exercise classes: 75.3% |
| Uusi‐Rasi 2015c | Yes | Yes | Attendance | Mean (range) attendance at group training: 72.8% (0% to 97.4%); home training sessions: 66.1% (0% to 100%) |
| Vogler 2009 Weight‐bearing group | Yes | Yes | Attendance | Proportion of sessions completed: 62% |
Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.