Morone 2016.
Methods | Study design: RCT Number of study arms: 2 Length of follow‐up: 3 months |
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Participants | Setting: Italy Number of participants: 38 Number analysed: 38 Number lost to follow‐up: 0 Sample: community‐dwelling Age (years): mean 68.93 (SD 4.18) Sex: 100% female Inclusion criteria: women; no or irregular physical or educational programmes for balance (or not performed for the last 2 years); age > 65 years; presence of a reduction in balance measured by the Berg Balance Scale (< 45); presence of bone loss (T score > 1.5 and < 2.5) as measured by central DEXA scan Exclusion criteria: presence of any orthopaedic, cardiovascular or oncologic pathology that could affect the balance ability; fracture/s in past year |
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Interventions | 1. Group‐based balance training using Wii‐Fit: Wii Fit programme (balance, yoga, standing leg strengthening) supervised by a physiotherapist, 1‐hour session, 2 a week for 8 weeks 2. Group‐based balance training: conventional balance exercises (flexibility, lying muscle strengthening, balance on unstable balance platform, postural exercises in supine) supervised by a physiotherapist, 1‐hour session, 2 a week for 8 weeks |
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Outcomes | No outcomes included in review | |
Duration of the study | 12 weeks | |
Adherence | Not reported | |
Notes | Source of funding: not reported Economic information: not reported No fall data in paper. Email communication about fall data, no response received. No fall data included in review |
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Risk of bias | ||
Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Low risk | Quote: "computer generated list" |
Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Low risk | Quote: "allocation was concealed by covering each number of the list with an opaque adhesive label" |
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | Participants and personnel not blinded to group allocation. Effect of non‐blinding unclear |
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) Falls | Unclear risk | Falls were recorded using the same method in both groups. It is unclear whether assessors were blinded when collecting fall data |
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) Fractures | Unclear risk | Not applicable |
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) Hospital admission, medical attention and adverse events | Unclear risk | Not applicable |
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) Health related quality of life (self report) | High risk | Participants not blind to group allocation |
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) Falls and fallers | High risk | No fall data available |
Selective reporting (reporting bias) | High risk | Fall outcome prespecified but fall data not presented |
Method of ascertaining falls (recall bias) | Unclear risk | Quote: "participants enrolled in both groups recorded in a specific diary the falls or events related to falls during the 3‐month follow‐up" |