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. 2019 Jan 31;2019(1):CD012424. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012424.pub2

Morone 2016.

Methods Study design: RCT
Number of study arms: 2
Length of follow‐up: 3 months
Participants Setting: Italy
Number of participants: 38
Number analysed: 38
Number lost to follow‐up: 0
Sample: community‐dwelling
Age (years): mean 68.93 (SD 4.18)
Sex: 100% female
Inclusion criteria: women; no or irregular physical or educational programmes for balance (or not performed for the last 2 years); age > 65 years; presence of a reduction in balance measured by the Berg Balance Scale (< 45); presence of bone loss (T score > 1.5 and < 2.5) as measured by central DEXA scan
Exclusion criteria: presence of any orthopaedic, cardiovascular or oncologic pathology that could affect the balance ability; fracture/s in past year
Interventions 1. Group‐based balance training using Wii‐Fit: Wii Fit programme (balance, yoga, standing leg strengthening) supervised by a physiotherapist, 1‐hour session, 2 a week for 8 weeks
2. Group‐based balance training: conventional balance exercises (flexibility, lying muscle strengthening, balance on unstable balance platform, postural exercises in supine) supervised by a physiotherapist, 1‐hour session, 2 a week for 8 weeks
Outcomes No outcomes included in review
Duration of the study 12 weeks
Adherence Not reported
Notes Source of funding: not reported
Economic information: not reported
No fall data in paper. Email communication about fall data, no response received. No fall data included in review
Risk of bias
Bias Authors' judgement Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias) Low risk Quote: "computer generated list"
Allocation concealment (selection bias) Low risk Quote: "allocation was concealed by covering each number of the list with an opaque adhesive label"
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) 
 All outcomes Unclear risk Participants and personnel not blinded to group allocation. Effect of non‐blinding unclear
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) 
 Falls Unclear risk Falls were recorded using the same method in both groups. It is unclear whether assessors were blinded when collecting fall data
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) 
 Fractures Unclear risk Not applicable
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) 
 Hospital admission, medical attention and adverse events Unclear risk Not applicable
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) 
 Health related quality of life (self report) High risk Participants not blind to group allocation
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) 
 Falls and fallers High risk No fall data available
Selective reporting (reporting bias) High risk Fall outcome prespecified but fall data not presented
Method of ascertaining falls (recall bias) Unclear risk Quote: "participants enrolled in both groups recorded in a specific diary the falls or events related to falls during the 3‐month follow‐up"