Study	Reason for exclusion
Adams 2018	Participants recruited from opioid treatment programme; all receiving medication‐assisted treatment. Cross‐over design, not randomised controlled trial, comparing medication‐assisted treatment with no medication, or with varenicline. Total 7 participants, 4 of whom were cannabis dependent, 3 met criteria for cannabis abuse.
Akerele 2007	Participants diagnosed with abuse or dependence on marijuana or cocaine. Data reported separately for cocaine and marijuana use, but it was not possible to extract data just for those dependent on marijuana. All participants were diagnosed with schizophrenia; the management of substance use in the context of schizophrenia was the main focus of the study.
Brown 2013	Secondary analysis of data from a randomised controlled trial comparing 2 behavioural interventions. No use of medications.
Budney 2007b	Laboratory study involving non‐treatment seeking cannabis users. Not all users were cannabis dependent, and participants were not trying to reduce their cannabis use.
Cooper 2013	Laboratory study involving marijuana smokers who were not seeking treatment. Investigation of research model of withdrawal and relapse rather than treatment intervention.
Cornelius 1999	Randomised controlled trial comparing fluoxetine and placebo for treatment of alcohol dependence with comorbid major depression. Effect on subgroup with diagnosed marijuana abuse considered as secondary analysis.
Cornelius 2008	Reported cannabis withdrawal symptoms in participants entering 2 separate trials of fluoxetine. No treatment intervention for cannabis dependence.
Cornelius 2015	Open‐label study of mirtazapine and motivation therapy for people with major depressive disorder and substance use disorder. Most study participants had used cannabis, but unclear how many were dependent. No treatment comparison.
Findling 2009	Randomised controlled trial comparing fluoxetine and placebo for treatment of depressive symptoms in adolescents with comorbid substance use disorder. Cannabis use reported by 88.2% of participants (41.2% dependent). The emphasis of this study was on the amelioration of depression. Outcome data not reported separately for the subset of cannabis‐dependent participants.
Geller 1998	Randomised controlled trial comparing lithium and placebo for treatment of adolescents with bipolar disorder and comorbid substance use disorder. Majority of participants were polydrug users; 2/25 were dependent on cannabis only.
Gillman 2006	Reported the use of nitrous oxide for treatment of withdrawal associated with the smoking of methaqualone combined with cannabis. Unclear how many participants were cannabis dependent. All participants received placebo then analgesic nitrous oxide. Effectiveness assessed only in terms of improvement in withdrawal symptoms.
Gray 2010	Open‐label single group study investigating the effectiveness of N‐acetylcysteine in promoting cessation of cannabis use. No treatment comparison.
Haney 2001	Comparison of bupropion and placebo in terms of effect on mood when administered in conjunction with active or placebo cannabis cigarettes. Laboratory study that aimed to assess the therapeutic potential of bupropion, but not a treatment intervention.
Haney 2003a	Laboratory study comparing the effect of nefazodone 450 mg/day and placebo on the acute effects of cannabis, and on cannabis withdrawal symptoms. The study aimed to assess the therapeutic potential of nefazodone in cannabis withdrawal but was not a treatment intervention.
Haney 2003b	Investigation of mechanism of effects of cannabis through comparison of naltrexone and methadone, administered prior to oral THC, and different doses of oral THC administered in combination with naltrexone or placebo. No treatment intervention.
Haney 2004	2 separate laboratory‐based studies, 1 assessing THC and 1 assessing divalproex, compared to placebo, in terms of effects on cannabis withdrawal. Studies aimed to assess the therapeutic potential of THC and divalproex but were not treatment interventions.
Haney 2008	Laboratory study investigating the effect of lofexidine and THC (separately and in combination) compared with placebo on cannabis withdrawal symptoms and a model of cannabis relapse. The study aimed to test the therapeutic potential of lofexidine in cannabis withdrawal but was not a treatment intervention.
Haney 2010	Controlled laboratory study investigating the effects of baclofen or mirtazapine on cannabis smoking, craving and withdrawal. Exploratory study of the potential therapeutic value of baclofen and mirtazapine, but not a treatment intervention.
Haney 2013	Laboratory study assessing effect of nabilone on marijuana withdrawal symptoms, and laboratory measure of relapse. Study aimed to test the therapeutic potential of nabilone but was not a treatment intervention.
Haney 2015	Laboratory study comparing impact of naltrexone and placebo on effects of active or inactive cannabis. Participants not seeking treatment.
Haney 2016	Laboratory dose‐ranging study of effects of cannabidiol. Participants not seeking treatment.
Herrmann 2016	Laboratory study investigating effect of zolpidem and nabilone (separately and in combination) compared with placebo on marijuana withdrawal symptoms and a model of marijuana relapse. The study aimed to test the therapeutic potential of zolpidem in marijuana smokers but was not a treatment intervention.
Nanjayya 2010	Open‐label study investigating the use of baclofen for the treatment of cannabis dependence. No treatment comparison.
Notzon 2018	Single group study of injectable naltrexone for treatment of cannabis dependence. No treatment comparison.
Rubio 2006	Comparison of antipsychotic drugs for treatment of schizophrenia, with consideration of effects on cannabis use.
Schnell 2014	Comparison of antipsychotic drugs for treatment of schizophrenia, with consideration of effects on cannabis use.
Sevy 2011	Comparison of antipsychotic drugs for treatment of schizophrenia, with consideration of effects on cannabis use.
Sugarman 2011	Controlled study assessing the safety of modafinil in combination with THC. While the study contributed to assessment of the therapeutic potential of modafinil, this study did not involve a treatment intervention. Participants were occasional cannabis users (people who were heavy users or dependent were excluded).
Trigo 2016	Laboratory study assessing effects of Sativex on cannabis withdrawal and craving. Not a treatment intervention. Preliminary study to Trigo 2018.
Van Nimwegen 2008	Randomised controlled trial comparing olanzapine and risperidone for treatment of schizophrenia. Majority of participants were not using cannabis and cannabis dependence was not assessed.
Vandrey 2011	Cross‐over study comparing zolpidem and placebo during short (3‐day) periods of abstinence from cannabis in terms of sleep parameters. Not a full treatment intervention for cannabis dependence.
Vandrey 2013	Comparison of dronabinol and placebo in terms of effect on cannabis withdrawal and subjective effects of smoked cannabis, but without providing a treatment intervention for cannabis dependence.
Vandrey 2016	Laboratory study of effect of zolpidem on sleep during cannabis withdrawal. Not a full treatment intervention.
Winstock 2009	An open‐label study investigating the use of lithium carbonate for the management of cannabis withdrawal. No treatment comparison.

THC: Δ⁹‐tetrahydrocannabinol.