Table 5.

Gas and Particle Phase Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Emission Factors.^a

	Gas and Particle Phase		Particle Phase			Volatiles % of Total %
PAHs	mg/kg oil_c	mg B[a]P_eq/ kg oil_c	mg/kg oil_c	mg B[a]P _eq/ kg oil_c	μg/g of PM
Naphthalene	352 ± 48	NA	1.8 ±1.1	NA	29±16	99.5
Acenaphthylene	174 ± 29	NA	6.2 ± 3.3	NA	107±52	96
Acenaphthene	2.7 ± 0.60	NA	1.2 (70%)^b	NA	20 (59%)^b	57
Fluorene	38 ± 6.1	NA	9.3 ± 5.6	NA	159±89	76
Phenanthrene	126 ± 24	0.063 ± 0.012	57 ± 17	0.029 ± 0.0083	1,000±213	55
Anthracene	30 ± 5.2	0.015 ± 0.0026	13 ± 3.2	0.0067 ± 0.0016	240±54	54
Fluoranthene	67 ± 12	3.4 ± 0.60	83 ± 28	4.1 ± 1.4	1,478±527	0
Pyrene	75 ± 14	0.075 ± 0.014	45 ± 12	0.045 ± 0.012	795±193	40
Benzo(a)anthracene	15 ± 3.3	0.077 ± 0.016	9.7 ± 3.6	0.048 ± 0.018	172±66	37
Chrysene	21 ± 4.3	0.63 ± 0.13	9.8 ± 3.6	0.29 ± 0.11	174±64	54
Benzo(b)fluoranthene	11 ± 2.3	1.1 ± 0.23	8.5 ± 3.7	0.85 ± 0.37	149±56	25
Benzo(k)fluoranthene	19 ± 4.4	0.93 ± 0.22	9.4 ± 3.7	0.47 ± 0.18	166±59	49
Benzo(a)pyrene	19 ± 3.9	19 ± 3.9	14 ± 5.8	14 ± 5.8	251±93	26
Indeno( 1,2,3-cd)pyrene	12 ± 2.5	1.2 ± 0.25	10 ± 4.5	1.0 ± 0.45	178±67	16
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene	2.0 ± 0.44	2.2 ± 0.49	0.95 ± 0.37	1.0 ± 0.40	17±5.5	53
Benzo(ghi)perylene	15 ± 2.9	0.30 ± 0.059	9.9 ± 4.4	0.20 ± 0.088	172±65	34
SUM PAH₁₆	980 ±157	29 ± 5.9	288 ± 83	22 ± 8.3	5,106±1,618	71

Units in mass/mass oilc = mass/mass oil consumed. NA - not applicable, compounds do not have assigned TEF values. Range of data represents 1 standard deviation if nothing else stated. Detection limits and additional PAHs and alkanes are shown in SI Tables S8-S10.

Relative percent difference, only two samples with detectable levels.