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. 2019 Jan 15;8(1):bio038299. doi: 10.1242/bio.038299

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© 2019. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.

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Fig. 10. — Force-time and deflection-time curves obtained from force measurements and motor motion, respectively. The sensor exerts a load while moving against the wing surface (phase I). During phase II, the sensor does not move and at phase III five force values are measured. At phase IV, the profilometer light is switched on and the wing surface is scanned. Profilometer readings stop and post-measurement forces are recorded at phase V. Sensor moves back and releases the wing surface at phase VI. Typical measurement time for the entire procedure was 90–120 s.