Table 1.

Composition of focus groups at each of the eight sites

Sites	Year added to this educational program	Number of patients and partners interviewed	Number of providers	Total interviewed	Types of providers interviewed
		n=36	n=34	n=70
Area 18	2012	4	4	8	Midwives CHWs Nurses
Area 25	2012	4	4	8	Midwives CHWs Nurses Health surveillance assistants
Chitedze	2015	5	6	11	Midwives CHWs Medical assistants Health surveillance assistants
Kabudula	2012	6	9	15	Midwives Clinical officers Nurses Medical technicians Sonographers Dental technicians Medical assistants Field health workers
Kawale	2012	4	6	10	Midwives CHWs Dental officers Clinical officersa
Lumbadzi	2015	6	0b	6
Mitunduc	2015	1	1	2	CHWs
Nathenje	2015	6	4	10	Midwives CHWs Clinical officers Nurses

Notes: An independent researcher and the facilitators manually recorded the time, number of responses, and verbatim nature of the recorded notes. These tabulations were internally checked, and consensus was reached immediately following each session. Further clarification regarding language, statement, and contextual inference was achieved with the help of interpreters. Such clarification was sought either immediately after the interview or by the end of the same day as the interview occurred. Patients were either pregnant or recently postpartum, and partners were defined as the self-identified father of the index pregnancy. Patient participants had pregnancies complicated by HIV, history of pregnancy loss, preterm birth, miscarriage, hypertensive disorders, anemia, and malaria. Such information was not formally collected or reported due to confidentiality concerns, particularly in the setting of the low number of participants. However, this information may have been self-disclosed during the course of the group discussions.

^aClinical officers are similar to a community practice physician or advanced physician assistant, typically with 2 years of formalized training followed by 18–24 months of multidisciplinary internship. Clinical officers are well-versed in prevalent complications in obstetrics and gynecology and common interventions, including cesarean deliveries and assisted deliveries, dilation and curettage, and basic ultrasound.

^bProviders were not available for focus groups due to a staff meeting.

^cThis site had low attendance, therefore semi-structured individual interviews occurred with the same lead in prompts utilized for the focus groups.

Abbreviation: CHW, community health worker.