Table 1.
Patient and tumor characteristics
| Characteristic | ENTa) |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | ||
| Follow-up period (mo) | 36 (2–268) | 64 (3–288) | 0.14 |
| Age (yr) | 60 (40–77) | 55 (33–82) | 0.86 |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 27 (68) | 58 (69) | |
| Female | 13 (32) | 26 (31) | |
| Diagnosis | 0.45 | ||
| Maxillary | 37 (92) | 72 (86) | |
| Ethmoid | 3 (8) | 10 (12) | |
| Sphenoid | 0 (0) | 2 (2) | |
| Histologic type | 0.31 | ||
| Squamous cell carcinoma | 29 (73) | 53 (63) | |
| Adenocarcinoma | 0 (0) | 5 (6) | |
| Adenoid cystic carcinoma | 8 (20) | 15 (18) | |
| Others | 3 (7) | 11 (13) | |
| Treatment type | 0.3 | ||
| Neoadjuvant RT (+/- CTx) + Op | 2 (5) | 5 (6) | |
| Neoadjuvant CTx + Op | 1 (3) | 11 (13) | |
| Op +/- adjuvant CTx | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | |
| Op + adjuvant RT (+/- CTx) | 26 (64) | 52 (62) | |
| Definitive RT (+/- CTx) | 11 (28) | 15 (18) | |
| Initial T stage | 0.3 | ||
| T2 | 3 (8) | 10 (12) | |
| T3 | 16 (40) | 42 (50) | |
| T4 | 21 (52) | 32 (38) | |
| Tumor size (cm) | 4.5 (0.8–8.5) | 4.0 (2.5–7.5) | 0.16 |
| Op | 0.66 | ||
| Yes | 29 (72) | 64 (76) | |
| No | 11 (28) | 20 (24) | |
| RM | 0.74 | ||
| Positive (<1 mm) | 14 (67) | 30 (58) | |
| Close (1–5 mm) | 2 (10) | 5 (10) | |
| Negative | 5 (23) | 17 (32) | |
| PNI | 0.35 | ||
| Yes | 4 (31) | 5 (50) | |
| No | 9 (69) | 5 (50) | |
| LVI | 0.13 | ||
| Yes | 4 (31) | 0 (0) | |
| No | 9 (69) | 6 (100) | |
| CTx | 0.01 | ||
| Yes | 21 (52) | 23 (27) | |
| No | 19 (48) | 61 (73) | |
| Neoadjuvant CTx | 0.12 | ||
| Yes | 1 (3) | 9 (11) | |
| No | 39 (97) | 75 (89 | |
| Concurrent/adjuvant CTx | <0.01 | ||
| Yes | 20 (50) | 20 (24) | |
| No | 20 (50) | 64 (76) | |
| RT (primary mass ± node) | 0.03 | ||
| Yes | 39 (98) | 71 (85) | |
| No | 1 (2) | 13 (15) | |
| RT aim | 0.54 | ||
| Definitive | 11 (28) | 16 (23) | |
| Adjuvant or neoadjuvant | 28 (72) | 55 (77) | |
| RT total dose (Gy) | 63.6 (42.0–73.6) | 63.0 (39.6–77.4) | <0.01 |
| RT modality | |||
| 3D-CRT | 5 (12) | 66 (79) | |
| IMRT | 35 (88) | 18 (21) | |
Values are presented as median (range) or number (%).
ENT, elective neck treatment; Op, operation; CTx, chemotherapy; RT, radiotherapy; 3D-CRT, three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy; IMRT, intensity-modulated radiotherapy; RM, resection margin; PNI, perineural invasion; LVI, lymphovascular invasion.
a)
Elective neck dissection and/or neck irradiation.