Table 6.
Health and health resources consumption factors associated with short and long sleep durations for age groups (<65 and ≥65 years).
| Crude | Multivariable adjusteda | Crude | Multivariable adjusteda | |||||
| Sleep duration (≤5 h/day vs. 6-8h/day) | Sleep duration (≥9h/day vs. 6-8 h/day) | Sleep duration (≤5 h/day vs. 6-8h/day) | Sleep duration (≥9h/day vs. 6-8 h/day) | Sleep duration (≤5 h/day vs. 6-8h/day) | Sleep duration ≥9h/day vs. 6-8 h/day) | Sleep duration (≤5 h/day vs. 6-8h/day) | Sleep duration (≥9h/day vs 6-8 h/day) | |
| OR 95 % CI | OR 95 % CI | OR 95 % CI | OR 95 % CI | |||||
| Drugs for sleep (self- reported) | ||||||||
| Yes | 0.32 0.17-0.60 | 0.76 0.26-2.23 | 0.44 0.24-0.80 | 0.92 0.32-2.65 | 0.73 0.46-1.14 | 1.10 0.55-2.22 | 0.78 0.50-1.23 | 1.21 0.60-2.44 |
| BMI | ||||||||
| Overweight and obese | ||||||||
| (≥25 kg/m2) | 1.96 1.49-2.59 | 1.36 0.76-1.69 | 1.74 1.30-2.32 | 0.99 0.66-1.49 | 1.33 0.86-2.07 | 1.02 0.63-1.64 | 1.26 0.83-1.90 | 0.99 0.60-1.64 |
| Non-communicable chronic diseases (self-reported) | ||||||||
| Hypertension | 2.27 1.73-3.00 | 1.11 0.72-1.69 | 1.80 1.36-2.39 | 0.90 0.59-1.37 | 1.63 1.08-2.44 | 1.07 0.71-1.61 | 1.57 1.07-2.31 | 1.10 0.72-1.69 |
| Diabetes | 2.83 2.91-4.20 | 1.96 1.07-3.58 | 2.14 1.41-3.23 | 1.54 0.85-2.78 | 1.63 0.99-2.66 | 1.47 0.94-2.28 | 1.52 0.99-2.32 | 1.44 0.92-2.24 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 2.34 1.80-3.04 | 1.61 1.07-2.44 | 1.98 1.52-2.58 | 1.41 0.95-2.10 | 1.38 0.92-2.06 | 0.98 0.65-1.47 | 1.37 0.95-1.99 | 0.92 0.60-1.40 |
| Pulmonary disease | 1.81 1.05-3.13 | 1.11 0.38-3.25 | 1.36 0.80-2.29 | 0.86 0.29-2.54 | 1.22 0.69-2.17 | 1.76 0.89-3.50 | 1.26 0.70-2.27 | 1.56 0.73-3.31 |
| Cardiac disease | 1.81 1.11-2.94 | 1.66 0.92-1.99 | 1.75 1.06-2.88 | 1.63 0.94-2.83 | 1.49 0.95-2.35 | 2.32 1.56-3.46 | 1.54 1.00-2.37 | 2.18 1.43-3.30 |
| Gastrointestinal disease | 2.38 1.52-3.70 | 1.44 0.73-2.83 | 2.20 1.42-3.41 | 1.55 0.80-3.02 | 1.43 0.89-2.29 | 1.35 0.73-2.50 | 1.59 0.99-2.55 | 1.43 0.75-2.72 |
| Neurologic disease | 0.91 0.51-1.65 | 1.35 0.50-3.63 | 0.86 0.47-1.56 | 1.30 0.52-3.27 | 0.73 0.37-1.43 | 0.82 0.32-2.12 | 0.65 0.31-1.40 | 0.74 0.28-1.98 |
| Allergy | 1.00 0.66-1.50 | 0.68 0.29-1.60 | 1.10 0.73-1.67 | 0.77 0.30-1.96 | 1.08 0.66-1.79 | 1.71 0.87-3.35 | 1.11 0.67-1.84 | 1.60 0.78-3.25 |
| Neoplastic disease | 1.34 0.82-2.19 | 0.85 0.34-2.14 | 1.13 0.68-1.89 | 0.76 0.30-1.91 | 1.44 0.72-2.90 | 1.77 0.99-3.14 | 1.49 0.75-2.97 | 1.69 0.90-3.17 |
| Rheumatic disease | 1.31 0.91-1.90 | 2.05 1.17-3.61 | 1.15 0.80-1.65 | 1.88 1.06-3.33 | 1.25 0.61-2.50 | 0.95 0.51-1.77 | 1.18 0.65-2.14 | 0.88 0.47-1.64 |
| Depression | 2.67 1.85-3.86 | 2.62 1.40-4.90 | 2.14 1.48-3.08 | 2.25 1.16-4.35 | 0.94 0.58-1.54 | 1.22 0.63-2.36 | 1.03 0.64-1.66 | 1.34 0.68-2.64 |
| Anxiety | 1.91 1.24-2.94 | 1.71 0.57-5.14 | 1.70 1.09-2.66 | 1.58 0.49-5.10 | 0.80 0.44-1.45 | 1.42 0.61-3.27 | 0.75 0.41-1.37 | 1.31 0.54-3.19 |
| Multimorbidity | ||||||||
| Yes | 2.68 2.06-4.47 | 1.58 1.02-2.45 | 2.28 1.75-2.97 | 1.42 0.88-2.29 | 2.05 1.40-3.00 | 1.44 0.88-2.35 | 2.06 1.41-3.02 | 1.39 0.83-2.34 |
| Physical function | ||||||||
| HAQ score | 2.97 2.43-3.64 | 2.12 1.50-3.00 | 2.46 1.98-3.05 | 1.74 1.21-2.50 | 1.63 1.21-2.21 | 1.56 1.16-2.10 | 1.56 1.14-2.12 | 1.50 1.06-2.11 |
| Quality of life | ||||||||
| EQ-5D-3L score | 0.17 0.11-0.26 | 0.24 0.12-0.47 | 0.23 0.14-0.38 | 0.30 0.15-0.60 | 0.70 0.40-1.23 | 0.26 0.16-0.43 | 0.77 0.44-1.33 | 0.30 0.17-0.52 |
| Hospitalised in previous 12 months | 1.56 1.11-2.20 | 2.34 1.36-4.04 | 1.48 1.04-2.10 | 2.19 1.26-3.80 | 1.29 0.89-1.89 | 1.45 0.93-2.27 | 1.41 0.98-2.03 | 1.49 0.94-2.35 |
a
Odds ratios from logistic regression model adjusted for sex, NUTS II regions and educational level.